Author: Kuan Huan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government monopolies
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Book Description

Author: Esson McDowell Gale
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004500804
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Book Description

Author: Kuan Huan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description

Author: K'uan Huan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government monopolies
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description

Author: Kuan Huan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 204

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Book Description

Author: Cecilia Chien
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472901451
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 411

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Book Description
Salt and State is an annotated translation of a treatise on salt from Song China. From its inception in the Han dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.), the salt monopoly was a key component in the Chinese government's financial toolkit. Salt, with its highly localized and large-scale production, was an ideal target for bureaucratic management. In the Song dynasty (960–1279), fiscal pressures on the government had intensified with increased centralization and bureaucratization. A bloated administration and an enormous standing army maintained against incursions by aggressive steppe neighbors placed tremendous strain on Song finances. Developing the salt monopoly seemed a logical and indeed urgent strategy, but each actor in this plan—the emperor, local officials, monopoly administrators, producers, merchants, and consumers—had his own interests to protect and advance. Thus attempts to maximize the effectiveness of the monopoly meant frequent policy swings and led to levels of corruption that would ultimately undo the Song. Unlike other contemporary sources, the Songshi treatise organizes its subject into an intelligible and detailed narrative, elucidating special terminology, the bureaucracy and its processes, and debates relating to Chinese finance and politics, as well as the salt industry itself. Professor Chien's extensive annotation relies on parallel histories that corroborate and supplement the Songshi account, together providing a comprehensive study of this important institution in China's premodern political economy.

Author: Xing Lu
Publisher: Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN: 1643362909
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Book Description
Xing Lu examines language, art, persuasion, and argumentation in ancient China and offers a detailed and authentic account of ancient Chinese rhetorical theories and practices within the society's philosophical, political, cultural, and linguistic contexts. She focuses on the works of five schools of thought and ten well-known Chinese thinkers from Confucius to Han Feizi to the the Later Mohists. Lu identifies seven key Chinese terms pertaining to speech, language, persuasion, and argumentation as they appeared in these original texts, selecting ming bian as the linchpin for the Chinese conceptual term of rhetorical studies. Lu compares Chinese rhetorical perspectives with those of the ancient Greeks, illustrating that the Greeks and the Chinese shared a view of rhetoric as an ethical enterprise and of speech as a rational and psychological activity. The two traditions differed, however, in their rhetorical education, sense of rationality, perceptions of the role of language, approach to the treatment and study of rhetoric, and expression of emotions. Lu also links ancient Chinese rhetorical perspectives with contemporary Chinese interpersonal and political communication behavior and offers suggestions for a multicultural rhetoric that recognizes both culturally specific and transcultural elements of human communication.

Author: Blaise de Vigenère
Publisher: DigiCat
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 175

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Book Description
DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "A Discovrse of Fire and Salt" (Discovering Many Secret Mysteries as well Philosophicall, as Theologicall) by Blaise de Vigenère. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.

Author: Anthony J Barbieri-Low
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780295748894
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
Although they existed more than a millennium apart, the great civilizations of New Kingdom Egypt (ca. 1548-1086 BCE) and Han dynasty China (206 BCE-220 CE) shared intriguing similarities. Both were centered around major, flood-prone rivers--the Nile and the Yellow River--and established complex hydraulic systems to manage their power. Both spread their territories across vast empires that were controlled through warfare and diplomacy and underwent periods of radical reform led by charismatic rulers--the "heretic king" Akhenaten and the vilified reformer Wang Mang. Universal justice was dispensed through courts, and each empire was administered by bureaucracies staffed by highly trained scribes who held special status. Egypt and China each developed elaborate conceptions of an afterlife world and created games of fate that facilitated access to these realms. This groundbreaking volume offers an innovative comparison of these two civilizations. Through a combination of textual, art historical, and archaeological analyses, Ancient Egypt and Early China reveals shared structural traits of each civilization as well as distinctive features.

Author: Donald B. Wagner
Publisher: NIAS Press
ISBN: 9788787062770
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
This book brings both literary and archaeological evidence to bear in an investigation of the history of the Han state's iron monopoly, and considers the reasons for its establishment and the intense opposition it provoked.