100 Years Of Relativity: Space-time Structure - Einstein And Beyond PDF Download

Author: Abhay Ashtekar
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814479934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Book Description
Thanks to Einstein's relativity theories, our notions of space and time underwent profound revisions about a 100 years ago. The resulting interplay between geometry and physics has dominated all of fundamental physics since then. This volume contains contributions from leading researchers, worldwide, who have thought deeply about the nature and consequences of this interplay. The articles take a long-range view of the subject and distill the most important advances in broad terms, making them easily accessible to non-specialists. The first part is devoted to a summary of how relativity theories were born (J Stachel). The second part discusses the most dramatic ramifications of general relativity, such as black holes (P Chrusciel and R Price), space-time singularities (H Nicolai and A Rendall), gravitational waves (P Laguna and P Saulson), the large scale structure of the cosmos (T Padmanabhan); experimental status of this theory (C Will) as well as its practical application to the GPS system (N Ashby). The last part looks beyond Einstein and provides glimpses into what is in store for us in the 21st century. Contributions here include summaries of radical changes in the notions of space and time that are emerging from quantum field theory in curved space-times (Ford), string theory (T Banks), loop quantum gravity (A Ashtekar), quantum cosmology (M Bojowald), discrete approaches (Dowker, Gambini and Pullin) and twistor theory (R Penrose).

Author: Claus Beisbart
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030477827
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 277

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Book Description
This volume offers an integrated understanding of how the theory of general relativity gained momentum after Einstein had formulated it in 1915. Chapters focus on the early reception of the theory in physics and philosophy and on the systematic questions that emerged shortly after Einstein's momentous discovery. They are written by physicists, historians of science, and philosophers, and were originally presented at the conference titled Thinking About Space and Time: 100 Years of Applying and Interpreting General Relativity, held at the University of Bern from September 12-14, 2017. By establishing the historical context first, and then moving into more philosophical chapters, this volume will provide readers with a more complete understanding of early applications of general relativity (e.g., to cosmology) and of related philosophical issues. Because the chapters are often cross-disciplinary, they cover a wide variety of topics related to the general theory of relativity. These include: Heuristics used in the discovery of general relativity Mach's Principle The structure of Einstein's theory Cosmology and the Einstein world Stability of cosmological models The metaphysical nature of spacetime The relationship between spacetime and dynamics The Geodesic Principle Symmetries Thinking About Space and Time will be a valuable resource for historians of science and philosophers who seek a deeper knowledge of the (early and later) uses of general relativity, as well as for physicists and mathematicians interested in exploring the wider historical and philosophical context of Einstein's theory.

Author: Jonathan Allday
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351676237
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
Read an exlusive interview with Dr. Allday where he discusses the importance of the monumental first image of the black hole, here. This book, suitable for interested post-16 school pupils or undergraduates looking for a supplement to their course text, develops our modern view of space-time and its implications in the theories of gravity and cosmology. While aspects of this topic are inevitably abstract, the book seeks to ground thinking in observational and experimental evidence where possible. In addition, some of Einstein’s philosophical thoughts are explored and contrasted with our modern views. Written in an accessible yet rigorous style, Jonathan Allday, a highly accomplished writer, brings his trademark clarity and engagement to these fascinating subjects, which underpin so much of modern physics. Features: Restricted use of advanced mathematics, making the book suitable for post-16 students and undergraduates Contains discussions of key modern developments in quantum gravity, and the latest developments in the field, including results from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Accompanied by appendices on the CRC Press website featuring detailed mathematical arguments for key derivations

Author: Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812771182
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399

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Book Description
Already Einstein could never see quantum mechanics as a complete theory. Nowadays, many researchers, including 't Hooft, view quantum mechanics as a statistical description of some underlying reality. The workshop Beyond the Quantum, organized in Spring 2006 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden, The Netherlands, was one of the first meetings completely devoted to physics that may need an explanation beyond quantum mechanics. A broad variety of subjects was covered. The present book reflects this. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The Mathematical Basis for Deterministic Quantum Mechanics (267 KB). Contents: Introductions: The Mathematical Basis for Deterministic Quantum Mechanics (G 't Hooft); What Did We Learn from Quantum Gravity? (A Ashtekar); BoseOCoEinstein Condensates and EPR Quantum Non-Locality (F Lalo1/2); The Quantum Measurement Process: Lessons from an Exactly Solvable Model (A E Allahverdyan et al.); Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information: POVMs: A Small but Important Step Beyond Standard Quantum Mechanics (W M de Muynck); State Reduction by Measurements with a Null Result (G Nienhuis); Solving Open Questions in the BoseOCoEinstein Condensation of an Ideal Gas via a Hybrid Mixture of Laser and Statistical Physics (M Kim et al.); Long Distance Correlations and Bell Inequalities: Fair Sampling vs No-Signalling Principle in EPR Experiments (G Adenier & A Yu Khrennikov); Mathematical Foundations: Where the Mathematical Structure of Quantum Mechanics Comes From (G M D'Ariano); Phase Space Description of Quantum Mechanics and Non-Commutative Geometry: Wigner-Moyal and Bohm in a Wider Context (B J Hiley); Quantum Mechanics as Simple Algorithm for Approximation of Classical Integrals (A Yu Khrennikov); Stochastic Electrodynamics: Some Quantum Experiments from the Point of View of Stochastic Electrodynamics (V apicka et al.); Models for the Electron: Rotating Hopf-Kinks: Oscillators in the Sense of de Broglie (U Enz); The Electron and the Neutrino as Solitos in Classical Electromagnetism (Th M Nieuwenhuizen); Philosophical Considerations; Round Table; and other papers. Readership: Postgraduates and researchers in quantum physics."

Author: Lorenzo Iorio
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303842482X
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages : 469

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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "100 Years of Chronogeometrodynamics: the Status of the Einstein's Theory of Gravitation in Its Centennial Year" that was published in Universe

Author: Vesselin Petkov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048134757
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Book Description
Celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the 1909 publication of Minkowski’s seminal paper "Space and Time", this volume includes a fresh translation as well as the original in German, and a number of contributed papers on the still-controversial subject.

Author: Andrew Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Author: Chen Ning Yang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813278684
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231

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'The book is an engaging and influential collection of significant contributions from an assembly of world expert leaders and pioneers from different fields, working at the interface between topology and physics or applications of topology to physical systems … The book explores many interesting and novel topics that lie at the intersection between gravity, quantum fields, condensed matter, physical cosmology and topology … A rich, well-organized, and comprehensive overview of remarkable and insightful connections between physics and topology is here made available to the physics reader.'Contemporary PhysicsSince its birth in Poincaré's seminal 1894 'Analysis Situs', topology has become a cornerstone of mathematics. As with all beautiful mathematical concepts, topology inevitably — resonating with that Wignerian principle of the effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences — finds its prominent role in physics. From Chern-Simons theory to topological quantum field theory, from knot invariants to Calabi-Yau compactification in string theory, from spacetime topology in cosmology to the recent Nobel Prize winning work on topological insulators, the interactions between topology and physics have been a triumph over the past few decades.In this eponymous volume, we are honoured to have contributions from an assembly of grand masters of the field, guiding us with their world-renowned expertise on the subject of the interplay between 'Topology' and 'Physics'. Beginning with a preface by Chen Ning Yang on his recollections of the early days, we proceed to a novel view of nuclei from the perspective of complex geometry by Sir Michael Atiyah and Nick Manton, followed by an entrée toward recent developments in two-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces by Robbert Dijkgraaf and Edward Witten; a study of Majorana fermions and relations to the Braid group by Louis H Kauffman; a pioneering investigation on arithmetic gauge theory by Minhyong Kim; an anecdote-enriched review of singularity theorems in black-hole physics by Sir Roger Penrose; an adventure beyond anyons by Zhenghan Wang; an aperçu on topological insulators from first-principle calculations by Haijun Zhang and Shou-Cheng Zhang; finishing with synopsis on quantum information theory as one of the four revolutions in physics and the second quantum revolution by Xiao-Gang Wen. We hope that this book will serve to inspire the research community.

Author: Edward Slowik
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319448684
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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This volume explores the inadequacies of the two standard conceptions of space or spacetime, substantivalism and relationism, and in the process, proposes a new historical interpretation of these physical theories. This book also examines and develops alternative ontological conceptions of space, and explores additional historical elements of seventeenth century theories and other metaphysical themes. The author first discusses the two main opposing theories of the ontology of space. One, known as substantivalism, proposes space to be an entity that can exist independently of material things. The other, relationism, contends that space is a relation among material things. Readers will learn about specific problems with this dichotomy. First, Newton and Leibniz are often upheld as the retrospective forerunners of substantivalism and relationism. But, their work often contradicts the central tenets of these views. Second, these theories have proven problematic when transferred to a modern setting, especially with regards to general relativity and the recent quantum gravity hypotheses. The author details an alternative set of concepts that address these problems. The author also develops a new classificational system that provides a more accurate taxonomy for the elements of all spatial ontologies. This classification obtains successful analogies between Newton, Leibniz, and other natural philosophers with contemporary physical theories.

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814480363
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 664

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Book Description
This collection of papers presents ideas and problems arising over the past 100 years regarding classical and quantum gravity, gauge theories of gravity, and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames. Both Einstein's theory of gravity and the Yang-Mills theory are gauge invariant. The invariance principles in physics have transcended both kinetic and dynamic properties and are at the very heart of our understanding of the physical world. In this spirit, this book attempts to survey the development of various formulations for gravitational and Yang-Mills fields and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames, and to reveal their associated problems and limitations. The aim is to present some of the leading ideas and problems discussed by physicists and mathematicians. We highlight three aspects: formulations of gravity as a Yang-Mills field, first discussed by Utiyama; problems of gravitational theory, discussed by Feynman, Dyson and others; spacetime properties and the physics of fields and particles in accelerated frames of reference. These unfulfilled aspects of Einstein and Yang–Mills' profound thoughts present a great challenge to physicists and mathematicians in the 21st century. Contents:The Dawn of Gravitation:The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (I Newton)On the Dynamics of the Electron (H Poincaré)Einstein's Deepest Insight and Its Early Impacts:Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation (A Einstein & M Grossmann)The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (A Einstein)On a Generalization of the Concept of Riemann Curvature and Spaces with Torsion (E Cartan)The Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravity:Formation of the Stars and Development of the Universe (P Jordan)Yang–Mills' Deepest Insight and Its Relation to Gravity:Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance (C N Yang & R L Mills)Conservation of Heavy Particles and Generalized Gauge Transformations (T D Lee & C N Yang)Invariant Theoretical Interpretation of Interaction (R Utiyama)Accelerated Frames: Generalizing the Lorentz Transformations:On Homogeneous Gravitational Fields in the General Theory of Relativity and the Clock Paradox (C Møller)The Clock Paradox in the Relativity Theory (T Y Wu & Y C Lee)Four-dimensional Symmetry of Taiji Relativity and Coordinate Transformations Based on a Weaker Postulate for the Speed of Light (J P Hsu & L Hsu)Quantum Gravity and 'Ghosts':Quantum Theory of Gravitation (R P Feynman)Quantum Theory of Gravity, III Applications of the Covariant Theory (B S DeWitt)Feynman Diagrams for the Yang–Mills Field (L D Faddeev & V N Popov)Missed Opportunities (F J Dyson)Gauge Theories of Gravity:Extended Translation Invariance and Associated Gauge Fields (K Hayashi & T Nakano)Gravitational Field as a Generalized Gauge Field (R Utiyama & T Fukuyama)Alternate Approaches to Gravity: Roads Less Traveled By:Fixation of Coordinates in the Hamiltonian Theory of Gravitation (P A M Dirac)New General Relativity (K Hayashi & T Shirafuji)Relativistic Theory of Gravitation (A A Logunov & M A Mestvirishvili)Yang–Mills Gravity: A Union of Einstein-Grossmann Metric with Yang–Mills Tensor Fields in Flat Spacetime with Translation Symmetry (J P Hsu)Experimental Tests of Gravitational Theories:Empirical Foundations of the Relativistic Gravity (W T Ni)Binary Pulsars and Relativistic Gravity (J H Taylor, Jr.)Other Perspectives:Concept of Nonintegrable Phase Factors and Global Formulation of Gauge Fields (T T Wu & C N Yang)Gauge Theory: Historical Origins and Some Modern Developments (L O'Raifeartaigh & N Straumann)The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy (P J E Peebles & B Ratra)and other papers Readership: Researchers in theoretical physics, particle physics and mathematical physics. Keywords:Einstein;Yang–Mills;Gauge Fields;Gauge Symmetry;Gravity;Accelerated Frame;General Relativity;Quantum GravityKey Features:Gives the initial formulations of general relativity and Yang–Mills theoryAttempts to formulate gravity as Yang–Mills theory and quantum theory