Behavioral Adaptations to Life in the City PDF Download

Author: David Andrew Luther
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889713156
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Author: Menno Schilthuizen
Publisher: Picador
ISBN: 1250127831
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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*Carrion crows in the Japanese city of Sendai have learned to use passing traffic to crack nuts. *Lizards in Puerto Rico are evolving feet that better grip surfaces like concrete. *Europe’s urban blackbirds sing at a higher pitch than their rural cousins, to be heardover the din of traffic. How is this happening? Menno Schilthuizen is one of a growing number of “urban ecologists” studying how our manmade environments are accelerating and changing the evolution of the animals and plants around us. In Darwin Comes to Town, he takes us around the world for an up-close look at just how stunningly flexible and swift-moving natural selection can be. With human populations growing, we’re having an increasing impact on global ecosystems, and nowhere do these impacts overlap as much as they do in cities. The urban environment is about as extreme as it gets, and the wild animals and plants that live side-by-side with us need to adapt to a whole suite of challenging conditions: they must manage in the city’s hotter climate (the “urban heat island”); they need to be able to live either in the semidesert of the tall, rocky, and cavernous structures we call buildings or in the pocket-like oases of city parks (which pose their own dangers, including smog and free-rangingdogs and cats); traffic causes continuous noise, a mist of fine dust particles, and barriers to movement for any animal that cannot fly or burrow; food sources are mainly human-derived. And yet, as Schilthuizen shows, the wildlife sharing these spaces with us is not just surviving, but evolving ways of thriving. Darwin Comes toTown draws on eye-popping examples of adaptation to share a stunning vision of urban evolution in which humans and wildlife co-exist in a unique harmony. It reveals that evolution can happen far more rapidly than Darwin dreamed, while providing a glimmer of hope that our race toward over population might not take the rest of nature down with us.

Author: Dietmar Görlitz
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110885190
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 700

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Author: J. Timothy Kauffman
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1450087205
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Reconnecting the Church is offered as a practical guide to assist pastors and laypeople in understanding the city, engaging, and serving the local community in which the church is located. The book’s purpose is to come along side the local church that wishes to reconnect to its local community, and offer practical ways to accomplish that task. There are 25 chapters each of which describes briefly an aspect of life in the city. At the end of each chapter are practical action/reflection projects. These projects are designed to give the reader first-hand experience of their church’s immediate neighborhood. They are specific tasks, most of which will be done outside the church. Each action is described, and guidance is given for reflection after each project.

Author: Luis M. A. Bettencourt
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262046008
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497

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A novel, integrative approach to cities as complex adaptive systems, applicable to issues ranging from innovation to economic prosperity to settlement patterns. Human beings around the world increasingly live in urban environments. In Introduction to Urban Science, Luis Bettencourt takes a novel, integrative approach to understanding cities as complex adaptive systems, claiming that they require us to frame the field of urban science in a way that goes beyond existing theory in such traditional disciplines as sociology, geography, and economics. He explores the processes facilitated by and, in many cases, unleashed for the first time by urban life through the lenses of social heterogeneity, complex networks, scaling, circular causality, and information. Though the idea that cities are complex adaptive systems has become mainstream, until now those who study cities have lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding cities and urbanization, for generating useful and falsifiable predictions, and for constructing a solid body of empirical evidence so that the discipline of urban science can continue to develop. Bettencourt applies his framework to such issues as innovation and development across scales, human reasoning and strategic decision-making, patterns of settlement and mobility and their influence on socioeconomic life and resource use, inequality and inequity, biodiversity, and the challenges of sustainable development in both high- and low-income nations. It is crucial, says Bettencourt, to realize that cities are not "zero-sum games" and that knowledge, human cooperation, and collective action can build a better future.

Author: Roger L. Nichols
Publisher: VNR AG
ISBN: 9780394352381
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328

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Essays on various aspects of the Native American Experience.

Author: Margaret C Wang
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136479104
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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The story of life in inner-city America and the education of its people is often recounted as a tragedy; the ending is often predictable and usually dire, highlighting deficiency, failure, and negative trends. As with most social problems, children and youth in the inner cities are hit hardest. But this dismal view is only half of the full picture. The cities of our nation are a startling juxtaposition between the despairing and the hopeful, between disorganization and restorative potential. Alongside the poverty and unemployment, the street-fights and drug deals, are a wealth of cultural, economic, educational, and social resources. Often ignored are the resilience and the ability for adaptation which help many who are seemingly confined by circumstance to struggle and succeed "in the face of the odds." This book helps to broaden the utilization of ways to magnify the circumstances known to enhance development and education, so that the burden of adversity is reduced and opportunities are advanced for all children and youth -- especially the children and youth of the inner cities who are in at-risk circumstances. The focus is on: * raising consciousness about the opportunities available to foster resilience among children, families, and communities, and * synthesizing the knowledge base that is central to implementing improvements which serve to better the circumstances and educational opportunities of children and families. This volume is intended for a wide audience of readers, but particularly those who are in a position to shape public policy and deliver educational and human services.

Author: Chalsa M. Loo
Publisher: Ardent Media
ISBN: 9780842204156
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Author: Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195373596
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 706

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New technologies are breaking the boundaries of how social researchers practice their craft, and it has become clear these changes are dramatically altering research design from the way data is collected to what is considered data. Bringing together all the emerging social science research technologies in one place, The Handbook of Emergent Technologies in Social Research offers comprehensive and up-to-date thinking on emerging technologies and addresses their impact on research methods, and in turn how new technologies lead to new research questions and areas of inquiry. The Handbook is organized into five sections, covering internet technologies, emergent data-collection methods, audio/visual, mobile, and geospatial technologies, and technology's impact on studying social life in natural settings, all after taking a look at emergent technologies from a broad, social-research context. Many of the twenty-nine chapters provide a commentary on and summary of specific technologies, like global surveys on the internet, mobile phones, data mining, and remote sensing, with a central focus on the most effective ways to use them. Others discuss the ethical and moral implications, especially issues of privacy and confidentiality, and collaborations across disciplines and outside the academy. The Handbook of Emergent Technologies in Social Research is indispensable for any social researcher looking to incorporate emerging technologies into their methods and practice.

Author: Thibauld Moulaert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319240315
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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The supportive role of urban spaces in active aging is explored on a world scale in this unique resource, using the WHO’s Age-Friendly Cities and Community model. Case studies from the U.S., Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, and elsewhere demonstrate how the model translates to fit diverse social, political, and economic realities across cultures and continents, ways age-friendly programs promote senior empowerment, and how their value can be effectively assessed. Age-friendly criteria for communities are defined and critiqued while extensive empirical data describe challenges as they affect elders globally and how environmental support can help meet them. These chapters offer age-friendly cities as a corrective to the overemphasis on the medical aspects of elders’ lives, and should inspire new research, practice, and public policy. Included in the coverage: A critical review of the WHO Age-Friendly Cities Methodology and its implementation. Seniors’ perspectives on age-friendly communities. The implementation of age-friendly cities in three districts of Argentina. Age-friendly New York City: a case study. Toward an age-friendly European Union. Age-friendliness, childhood, and dementia: toward generationally intelligent environments. With its balance of attention to universal and culture-specific concerns, Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in International Comparison will be of particular interest to sociologists, gerontologists, and policymakers. “Given the rapid adoption of the age-friendly perspective, following its development by the World Health Organization, the critical assessment offered in this volume is especially welcome”. Professor Chris Phillipson, University of Manchester