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Author: Mark Bray Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9290926597 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.
Author: Mark Bray Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9290926597 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.
Author: Junyan Liu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 981992202X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
This book combines the ideologies of parentocracy and consumer theory as theoretical lenses to view the private supplementary tutoring, also known as shadow education, with a focus on the demand at primary and lower secondary levels in China. It first explains parents’ motivations of seeking private tutoring and their decision-making dynamics, and then explores the evolving micro-level process of demand that has changed over time. It further investigates how demand for private tutoring varies across parental socioeconomic status. This book also discusses parents’ attitudes towards the Double Reduction policy and corresponding changes in their demand for tutoring. It concludes with some implications for regulating private tutoring and for improving school education. This book has pertinence in other countries as well as in China. Unpacking the demand for tutoring improves understanding of the global expansion and changing shapes of the phenomenon. Researchers, educational policy-makers, teachers, tutors, consultants, and other educational practitioners interested in the topic of private tutoring will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.
Author: Mark Bray Publisher: Hong Kong University Press ISBN: 9789881785299 Category : Education and state Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Recent years have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring alongside regular school systems. This expansion has far-reaching implications for the nurturing of new generations, for social and economic development, and for the operation of school systems. Some dimensions are positive while other dimensions are problematic. Supplementary tutoring is especially visible in Asia. The formats of tutoring range from one-to-one provision to large classes. Some tutoring is provided by teachers and by specialist companies, while other tutoring is provided informally by university students and others. Using a comparative lens, this book examines possible government responses to the expansion of private supplementary tutoring. In general, the book suggests, the sector should be given more attention. The work shows wide diversity in the regulations introduced by governments in the Asian region. It notes not only that these governments can learn much from each other, but also that policy makers in other parts of the world can usefully look at patterns in Asia. The book also stresses the value of partnerships between governments, tutoring providers, schools, teachers' unions, and other bodies.
Author: Shibao Guo Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9463006699 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Economic globalization and advanced communication and transportation technologies have greatly increased interconnectivity and integration of China with the rest of the world. This book explores the impact of globalization on China and the interactions of Chinese education with the globalized world. It consists of twenty chapters which collectively examine how globalization unfolds on the ground in Chinese education through global flows of talents, information, and knowledge. The authors, established and emerging scholars from China and internationally, analyze patterns and trends of China’s engagement with the globalized world as well as tensions between the global and local concerning national education sovereignty and the widening gap between brain gain and brain drain. The book covers a wide range of topics, including: Internationalization of Chinese educationStudent mobility and intercultural adaptationCross-cultural teaching and learningTransnational talent mobility The diverse concepts and perspectives represented in this volume provide rich accounts of the effects of globalization on Chinese education and how globalization has transformed Chinese education and society. China’s successes and challenges will inform international researchers and educators about globalization and education in their own contexts with possible implications for change. “This timely volume opens up fascinating insights into the extensive and growing interconnections between Chinese education and the global community. Concepts such as identity, interculturality, transnationalism and double diaspora are given vivid expression in the experience of Chinese students and scholars in diverse global settings as well as that of international students and teachers in Chinese higher institutions. While there are candid critiques of barriers and prejudices that need to be overcome, there is also a sense of hope and dynamism in the rich outflowing of educational ideas rooted in China’s unique civilization. Editors Shibao Guo and Yan Guo are to be congratulated for bringing together such a remarkable collection of essays dealing with internationalization, student mobility, cross-cultural teaching and learning and transnational talent mobility.” – Ruth Hayhoe, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto
Author: Kerry J. Kennedy Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317439414 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 1242
Book Description
This comprehensive handbook is the ultimate reference work, providing authoritative and international overviews of all aspects of schools and schooling in Asia. Split into 19 sections it covers curriculum, learning and assessment, private supplementary tutoring, special education, gender issues, ethnic minority education and LGBTQI students in Asian schools. The volume displays the current state of the scholarship for schools and schooling in Asia including emerging, controversial and cutting-edge contributions using a thematic approach. The content offers a broad sweep of the region with a focus on theoretical, cultural and political issues as well as identifying educational issues and priorities, such as curriculum, assessment, teacher education, school leadership, etc., all of which impact students and learning in multiple ways. The Routledge International Handbook of Schools and Schooling in Asia brings together experts in each area to contribute their knowledge, providing a multidimensional and rich view of the issues confronting the region’s school and education systems. Chapters 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Author: Wei Zhang Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 100088547X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Author: Janice Aurini Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1781908176 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
This book draws attention to supplementary education, which is growing in many parts of the world, but often goes unrecognized for what it is: a hidden form of privatized education. It provides 'big picture' analyses to comparatively explain the intensity, authority and policy contexts of supplementary education
Author: Geraint Johnes Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1785369075 Category : EDUCATION / Administration / General Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the modern economics of education literature, bringing together a series of original contributions by globally renowned experts in their fields. Covering a wide variety of topics, each chapter assesses the most recent research with an emphasis on skills, evaluation and data analytics.
Author: Mark Bray
Author: Mark Bray
Author: Junyan Liu
Author: 張薇
Author: 刘钧燕
Author: Mark Bray
Author: Shibao Guo
Author: Kerry J. Kennedy
Author: Wei Zhang
Author: Janice Aurini
Author: Geraint Johnes