Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities PDF Download

Author: Ian Barnes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 940075034X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355

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Book Description
Oxides and acids of nitrogen play an important role in regulating atmospheric radical levels, in particular, that of the OH radical the main initiator of the degradation of chemicals in the atmosphere. A comprehensive overview on the methods used to measure nitrogen oxides and acids in the troposphere is given and difficulties and artefacts associated with the use of the techniques for measurements in urban and mega city environments is illustrated. State-of-the-art methods for the measurement of OH and HO2 radicals are reviewed and recently recognised difficulties, in particular with the measurement of HO2 radicals, are highlighted. Other contributions to the book cover our present understanding of the gas, aqueous and particulate/aerosol phase atmospheric degradation chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under NOx conditions typical of rural, urban and mega city environments. Examples of measurements of NOx and VOCs in the atmospheres of these environments are given, in particular for the megacities Cairo and Beijing, in conjunction with modelling studies which attempt to simulate the field observations using state-of-the art knowledge on the chemistry of the VOCs and radical levels.

Author: Frederic R. Siegel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319931660
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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Book Description
This book discusses existing and future global problems of physical, chemical, biological and societal origins faced by increasingly populated cities and mega-cities, and options to mitigate or eliminate them. In nine chapters, the book focuses on rehabilitation and redevelopment projects aimed at converting shantytowns/slums into well serviced neighborhoods via secure housing, clean piped water, adequate access to sanitation, and other amenities for good living conditions. Examples of rehabilitation (restore capacity, structures, efficiency) and redevelopment (redesign, rebuild, attract investment) are addressed in detail, as are the sources of major financing to support such projects and proposals. The final chapters also discuss problems faced by countries with contracting populations, and their viable solutions. The book will be of interest to academics, city planners, land-use planners, NGOs, and designers /architects specializing in urban development and redevelopment.

Author: Yongjie Li
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323902677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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Book Description
Air Quality Monitoring and Advanced Bayesian Modeling introduces recent developments in urban air quality monitoring and forecasting. The book presents concepts, theories, and case studies related to monitoring methods of criteria air pollutants, advanced methods for real-time characterization of chemical composition of PM and VOCs, and emerging strategies for air quality monitoring. The book illustrates concepts and theories through case studies about the development of common statistical air quality forecasting models. Readers will also learn advanced topics such as the Bayesian model class selection, adaptive forecasting model development with Kalman filter, and the Bayesian model averaging of multiple adaptive forecasting models. Covers fundamental to advanced applications of urban air quality monitoring and forecasting Includes detailed descriptions and applications of the instruments necessary for the most successful monitoring techniques Presents case studies throughout to provide real-world context to the research presented in the book

Author: Carole Bedos
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9402420584
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description
This book gives an overview of the relationships between agriculture and air quality, which is an issue of increasing importance for practitioners and policy makers. It provides the keys to understand natural and anthropogenic mechanisms governing emission and deposition of pollutants produced by and/or impacting agricultural activities It identifies how management practices can help mitigating emissions and how public policies on air pollution progressively addressed the agricultural sector This book was written for students, researchers and agriculture actors as well as for public decision-makers

Author: Economic Commission for Europe
Publisher: United Nations
ISBN: 9211555272
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Book Description
Environmental Performance Reviews promote sustainable development throughout Europe. They present detailed studies on the environmental position of each country and examine the framework for environmental policy and management. This evaluation focuses on Belarus. The report details the progress made by Belarus in the management of its environment since the country was first reviewed in 1997.

Author: United Nations Environment Programme
Publisher: Earthscan
ISBN: 9781853835889
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 446

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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the conditions of the global environment, highlighting key global concerns and making recommendations for policy action.

Author: United Nations Environment Programme (Unep)
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134040903
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 437

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Book Description
'The continued poverty of the majority of the planet's inhabitants and excessive consumption by the minority are the two major causes of environmental degradation The present course is unsustainable and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to work. ' From the Synthesis Global Environment Outlook 2000 (GEO-2000) is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship publication of the world's leading environmental organization, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and is based on information provided by more than 30 regional and international collaborating centres. The book presents a region-by-region analysis of the state of the world's environment, highlighting key global concerns and making recommendations for policy action. The regions covered include Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West Asia and the Polar Areas. Chapter 1: Global Perspectives describes the main drivers of environmental change, such as the economy, population growth, political organization and regionalization, as well as potential impacts of recent global developments including the growth of the consumer culture, trade and international debt. Chapter 2: The State of the Environment provides a global and region-by-region overview of the environment at the end of the second millennium. The chapter covers global issues such as ozone, climate change, El Nifio and nitrogen loading, and universal issues of land and food, forests, biodiversity, freshwater, marine and coastal areas, atmosphere and urban areas. Chapter 3: Policy Responses reviews the broad range of policy instruments and responses being used to address environmental issues, including multilateral environmental agreements, and analyses the difficulties of compliance, implementation and assessment. Chapter 4: Future Perspectives looks at environmental issues that will require priority attention in the 21st century and some alternative policy options that could be used in the regions. Chapter 5: Outlook and Recommendations makes recommendations for future action based on the environmental legacy left by past and present policy and management systems. GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference and guide to the state of the global environment. Written in clear, non-technical language and supported throughout by informative graphics and tables, it is essential reading for all those involved in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and for researchers and students of regional and global environmental issues. Originally published in 1999

Author: Velmurugan Ayyam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811389268
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 595

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Book Description
The coastal areas of the tropics are rich in biodiversity, natural resources and place of intensive developmental activities as it provides livelihood to millions of people. At the same time evidences suggest that several unique coastal ecosystems viz., mangroves, wetlands, salt marshes, corals, estuaries, sand dunes and agro-ecosystem are vulnerable to natural disasters and events associated with global climate change. In recent times degradation of land, water and genetic erosion besides threat to native flora and fauna have been increasing due to unsustainable developmental activities. Therefore, a paradigm shift in deriving livelihood through conventional methods, developmental strategies, conservation practices are required for balanced and sustainable growth of the coastal areas. This publication strives to cover the status of different natural resources of the coastal region, various aspects of degradation process, production need and restorative methods besides new technological options and its socio-economic implications with case examples. Special focus is given to bring out the scope and potential of mangrove based farming, integrated and organic farming and its value addition besides the role of coastal vegetations as bioshield in protecting these regions from sea erosion, cyclones and tsunami. As the tropical coastal areas are vulnerable to climate change events, this book also covers the recent weather pattern, impacts of climate change and climate resilient technologies besides intuitional linkages and policy framework aimed at balancing development and environmental concerns.

Author: Alexander Krämer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3790827339
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 319

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Book Description
Diverse driving forces, processes and actors are responsible for different trends in the development of megacities and large urban areas. Under the dynamics of global change, megacities are themselves changing: On the one hand they are prone to increasing socio-economic vulnerability due to pronounced poverty, socio-spatial and political fragmentation, sometimes with extreme forms of segregation, disparities and conflicts. On the other hand megacities offer positive potential for global transformation, e.g. minimisation of space consumption, highly effective use of resources, efficient disaster prevention and health care options – if good strategies were developed. At present in many megacities and urban areas of the developing world and the emerging economies the quality of life is eroding. Most of the megacities have grown to unprecedented size, and the pace of urbanisation has far exceeded the growth of the necessary infrastructure and services. As a result, an increasing number of urban dwellers are left without access to basic amenities like clean drinking water, fresh air and safe food. Additionally, social inequalities lead to subsequent and significant intra-urban health inequalities and unbalanced disease burdens that can trigger conflict and violence between subpopulations. The guiding idea of our book lies in a multi- and interdisciplinary approach to the complex topic of megacities and urban health that can only be adequately understood when different disciplines share their knowledge and methodological tools to work together. We hope that the book will allow readers to deepen their understanding of the complex dynamics of urban and megacity populations through the lens of public health, geographical and other research perspectives.

Author: U.S.S. Ramulu
Publisher: Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 9387741478
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Book Description
The Ascomycetes of Peninsular India is a compilation of descriptions of ascomycetous fungi collected from Peninsular India. The references to such fungi or their original publications are not available to many Indian students. This compilation bridges the gap and provides access to the descriptions. Ascomycetes form one of the large groups among fungi and show wide variations in habit, habitat, morphology, dimensions, lifecycle patterns etc. Where ever known, their anamorphs are mentioned. A total of 1410 species belonging to 403 genera distributed under 114 families are included in the compilation. The arrangement of taxa is according to the classification system in the ninth edition of “Dictionary of Fungi (CAB, UK, 2001). Taxonomic keys are provided. Figures are given at the end in 50 plates. Also there is an index to fungal names and glossary of mycological terms. The present compilation includes descriptions of maximum number of such fungi from the selected area. Also it introduces techniques used for collection, preservation, preparation of common staining reagents, examination and identification. There is a separate chapter pointing out their significance as direct or indirect uses in agriculture, medicines or food, apart from their value as of academic interest. The book is useful to new comers in the field, researchers, teachers, agriculture students, and others interested in sac fungi- ascomycetes.