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Author: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000157687 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
What agents should be measured? How should measurement be performed and what averaging time should be used for the measurement? What sampling strategy should be employed to characterize exposures across individuals, locations, and time? What durations of exposure should be characterized? What statistical descriptors should be used to relate exposure to effect? Exposure Assessment for Epidemiology and Hazard Control examines various approaches to answering these and other important questions. Other topics discussed include the measurement of current exposures (e.g., vapors, gases, aerosols, and complex mixtures); the application of toxicological relationships, including biological markers and sample models; an epidemiological evaluation of exposure-effect relationships, including new methods for effect evaluation and models for population exposure estimates; and strategies for exposure assessment, such as biological sampling interpretation through toxicokinetic processes. This important new volume contains essential information for industrial hygienists, epidemiologists, occupational health physicians, toxicologists, and immunologists.
Author: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000157687 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
What agents should be measured? How should measurement be performed and what averaging time should be used for the measurement? What sampling strategy should be employed to characterize exposures across individuals, locations, and time? What durations of exposure should be characterized? What statistical descriptors should be used to relate exposure to effect? Exposure Assessment for Epidemiology and Hazard Control examines various approaches to answering these and other important questions. Other topics discussed include the measurement of current exposures (e.g., vapors, gases, aerosols, and complex mixtures); the application of toxicological relationships, including biological markers and sample models; an epidemiological evaluation of exposure-effect relationships, including new methods for effect evaluation and models for population exposure estimates; and strategies for exposure assessment, such as biological sampling interpretation through toxicokinetic processes. This important new volume contains essential information for industrial hygienists, epidemiologists, occupational health physicians, toxicologists, and immunologists.
Author: Acgih Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000114880 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
What agents should be measured? How should measurement be performed and what averaging time should be used for the measurement? What sampling strategy should be employed to characterize exposures across individuals, locations, and time? What durations of exposure should be characterized? What statistical descriptors should be used to relate exposure to effect? Exposure Assessment for Epidemiology and Hazard Control examines various approaches to answering these and other important questions. Other topics discussed include the measurement of current exposures (e.g., vapors, gases, aerosols, and complex mixtures); the application of toxicological relationships, including biological markers and sample models; an epidemiological evaluation of exposure-effect relationships, including new methods for effect evaluation and models for population exposure estimates; and strategies for exposure assessment, such as biological sampling interpretation through toxicokinetic processes. This important new volume contains essential information for industrial hygienists, epidemiologists, occupational health physicians, toxicologists, and immunologists.
Author: SM Rappaport (Ed) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Alternatives ways of monitoring occupational exposure; Measurement of vapors and gases; The measurement of aerosols in relation to risk assessment; The use of markers to measure exposures to complex mixtures; Rapporteur's summary, measurement of current exposures; Assessing relevant exposures to airborne irritants; Exposure-dose relationships; Development of biological monitoring as a tool for exposure assessment; The use of models to investigate the toxicokinetic behavior of organic solvents; Rapporteur's summary, application of toxicological relationships; Issues in the epidemiologic evaluation of exposure-effect relationships; New methods for evaluating health effects; Retrospective exposure assessment, a review of approaches and directions for the future; Exposure assessment challenges presented by investigations of reproductive effects in the semiconductor industry; Rapporteur's summary, epidemiologic evaluation of exposure effect relationships; Exposure assessment strategies; Biological monitoring strategies; Environmental sampling strategies for epidemiological studies; Individual versus group differences in exposure risk; Rapporteur's summary, exposure assessment strategies.
Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191015687 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Set against a background of growing public, media and political concern about occupational and environmental health issues, and a scientific need to better understand and explain the effects of pollutants on human health, this book is a unique resource. Contributions from an expert panel of international practitioners provide a comprehensive reference on the state of the art methods and applications in the field of occupational and environmental pollution and the adverse health effects, particularly the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. Risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure are generally small, but the exposed population, and hence the population attributable risk, may be large. To detect small risk, the exposure assessment needs to be very refined. Exposure assessment is the study of the distribution and determinants of potentially hazardous agents, and includes the estimation of intensity, duration and frequency of exposure, the variation in these indices and their determinants. The aim of this book is to develop an understanding and knowledge of exposure assessment methods and their application to substantive issues in occupational and environmental epidemiology. The emphasis is on methodological principles and good practice. It is focused on exposure assessment in both occupational and environmental epidemiology since there are many similarities but also some interesting differences. The book outlines the basic principles of exposure assessment, and examines the current status and research questions in the exposure assessment of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies of allergens, particulate matter, chlorination disinfection by-products, agricultural pesticides and radiofrequencies. The book will be of interest to all concerned with exposure assessment and epidemiology. It will be a valuable source for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in exposure assessment, occupational hygiene, environmental science, epidemiology, toxicology, biostatistics, occupational and environmental health, health risk assessment and related disciplines and a useful resource of reference for policy makers and regulators.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309044960 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
The amount of hazardous waste in the United States has been estimated at 275 million metric tons in licensed sites alone. Is the health of Americans at risk from exposure to this toxic material? This volume, the first of several on environmental epidemiology, reviews the available evidence and makes recommendations for filling gaps in data and improving health assessments. The book explores: Whether researchers can infer health hazards from available data. The results of substantial state and federal programs on hazardous waste dangers. The book presents the results of studies of hazardous wastes in the air, water, soil, and food and examines the potential of biological markers in health risk assessment. The data and recommendations in this volume will be of immediate use to toxicologists, environmental health professionals, epidemiologists, and other biologists.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309264685 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.
Author: Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 9780309075299 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 791
Book Description
Have U.S. military personnel experienced health problems from being exposed to Agent Orange, its dioxin contaminants, and other herbicides used in Vietnam? This definitive volume summarizes the strength of the evidence associating exposure during Vietnam service with cancer and other health effects and presents conclusions from an expert panel. Veterans and Agent Orange provides a historical review of the issue, examines studies of populations, in addition to Vietnam veterans, environmentally and occupationally exposed to herbicides and dioxin, and discusses problems in study methodology. The core of the book presents What is known about the toxicology of the herbicides used in greatest quantities in Vietnam. What is known about assessing exposure to herbicides and dioxin. What can be determined from the wide range of epidemiological studies conducted by different authorities. What is known about the relationship between exposure to herbicides and dioxin, and cancer, reproductive effects, neurobehavioral disorders, and other health effects. The book describes research areas of continuing concern and offers recommendations for further research on the health effects of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam veterans. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans organizations, researchers, and health professionals.
Author: International Program on Chemical Safety Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241562676 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
A joint project of IPCS/OECD. In two parts: Part 1: IPCS/OECD Key Generic Terms used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment. Part 2: IPCS Glossary of Key Exposure Assessment Terminology. IPCS project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030904894X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 668
Book Description
The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Author: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Author: Acgih
Author: SM Rappaport (Ed)
Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides
Author: International Program on Chemical Safety
Author: National Research Council