IMF Staff papers, Volume 42 No. 4 PDF Download

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451930909
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
This paper describes early contributions of Staff Papers to international economics. The paper highlights that Staff Papers has, since its inception in 1950, been an important vehicle for the dissemination of research done by the IMF staff. This paper discusses three areas in which articles published in Staff Papers up until the 1970s made major contributions to the literature in international economics. The areas covered are: the absorption approach and the monetary theory of the balance of payments; the Mundell-Fleming model; and foreign trade modeling.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451957068
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Book Description
This paper provides a critical survey of the literature on politico-institutional determinants of the government budget. We organize our discussion around two questions: Why did certain OECD countries, but not others, accumulate large public debts? Why did these fiscal imbalances appear in the last twenty years rather than sooner? We begin by discussing the “tax smoothing” model and conclude that this approach alone cannot provide complete answers to these questions. We then proceed to a discussion of political economy models, which we organize into six groups: (1) models based upon opportunistic policy makers and naive voters with “fiscal illusion”; (2) models of intergenerational redistributions; (3) models of debt as a strategic variable, linking the current government with the next one; (4) models of coalition governments; (5) models of geographically dispersed interests; and (6) models emphasizing the effects of budgetary institutions. We conclude by briefly discussing policy implications.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451947208
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Book Description
This paper develops an endogenous growth model of the influence of public investment, public transfers, and distortionary taxation on the rate of economic growth. The growth–enhancing effects of investment in public capital and transfer payments are modeled, as is the growth–inhibiting influence of the levying of distortionary taxes that are used to fund such expenditure. The theoretical implications of the model are then tested with data from 23 developed countries between 1971 and 1988, and time series cross sectional results are obtained that support the proposed influence of the public finance variables on economic growth.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145197339X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
This paper analyzes long-term exchange rate modeling. The paper reviews the literature that tests for a unit root in real exchange rates and the closely related work on testing for a unit root in the residual from a regression of the nominal exchange rate on relative prices. It argues that the balance of evidence is supportive of the existence of some form of long-term exchange rate relationship. The paper highlights that the form of this relationship, however, does not accord exactly with a traditional representation of the long-term exchange rate.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451930828
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Book Description
Common issues emerging from the recent experience with IMF-supported programs in Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania are analyzed. These comprise the initial price overshooting and output collapse and the financial and structural problems associated with bad loan portfolios and sluggish implementation of privatization programs. Substantial success has been achieved in the initial microstabilization and opening-up effort. But difficulties with fiscal and monetary control may be emerging as a result of social and political pressures and unclear policy signals on the micro issues involving the structural transformation of the productive and financial systems.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451930852
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
This paper uses microeconomic panel data to examine differences in the cyclical variability of employment, hours, and real wages for skilled and unskilled workers. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it finds that, at the aggregate level, skilled and unskilled workers are subject to the same degree of cyclical variation in wages. However, the quality of labor input is found to rise in recessions, inducing a countercyclical bias in aggregate measures of the real wage. The paper also finds substantial differences across industries in the cyclical variation of employment, hours, and wage differentials, indicating important interindustry differences in labor contracting.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451930674
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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Book Description
This paper describes that publications of the IMF are one way in which this responsibility is discharged. Through the publication of Staff Papers, the IMF is making available some of the work of members of its staff. The IMF believes that these papers will be found helpful by government officials, by professional economists, and by others concerned with monetary and financial problems. On some international monetary problems, final and definitive views are scarcely to be expected in the near future, and several alternative, or even conflicting, approaches may profitably be explored. The views presented in these papers are not, therefore, to be interpreted as necessarily indicating the position of the Executive Board or of the officials of the IMF. The selected references presented in this bibliography cover books, pamphlets, reports, and periodical articles that describe the functions, organization, and activities of the IMF. Publications on the various aspects of international economics are included only when they contain material relating specifically to the IMF.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451930968
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 204

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Book Description
This paper deals with liberalization and the evolution of output during the transition from plan to market. It explains why strong liberalization leads to a comparatively steep fall in output early in the transition, but a relatively strong recovery later on. Because it takes time to restructure the capital stock inherited from the old system, liberalization initially leads to transitional unemployment of capital and the contraction of the old enterprise sector. By making room quickly for the new, more efficient enterprises, however, liberalization also sets the stage for recovery and a much higher level of income in the medium term. [JEL E23, P21, P27, P52]

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451972776
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
This paper describes the issue of corruption around the world. The paper surveys and discusses issues related to the causes, consequences, and scope of corruption, and possible corrective actions. It emphasizes the costs of corruption in terms of economic growth. It also emphasizes that the fight against corruption may not be cheap and cannot be independent from the reform of the state. If certain reforms are not made, corruption is likely to continue to be a problem regardless of actions directly aimed at curtailing it.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145193064X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Book Description
This paper analyzes the efficacy of alternative financial stabilization policies in response to disturbances from various sources. A model, appropriate to the institutional structure of a developing country, is estimated. The model is subjected to shocks from the domestic real economy, domestic financial circumstances, and the external terms of trade. Alternative policy reactions are evaluated with respect to each of these shocks. A few generalizations may be drawn from the results. First, exchange rate changes are a powerful instrument of adjustment, even when the estimated price elasticities of trade are small. Second, even in a country that does not have an open financial system that is integrated with the rest of the world, monetary conditions have a large and rapid effect on the balance of payments. The appropriate policy response to any disturbance depends on the expected duration of the disturbance. The benefits of avoiding excessive early adjustment must be weighed against the costs of a probable greater and more painful, adjustment at a later stage.