The Ecology of Computation PDF Download

Author: Bernardo A. Huberman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 358

View

Book Description
Propelled by advances in software design and increasing connectivity, distributed computational systems are acquiring characteristics reminiscent of social and biological organizations. This volume is a collection of articles dealing with the nature, design and implementation of these open computational systems. Although varied in their approach and methodology, the articles are related by the goal of understanding and building computational ecologies. They are grouped in three major sections. The first deals with general issues underlying open systems, studies of computational ecologies, and their similarities with social organizations. The second part deals with actual implementations of distributed computation, and the third discusses the overriding problem of designing suitable languages for open systems. All the articles are highly interdisciplinary, emphasizing the application of ecological ideas, game theory, market mechanisms, and evolutionary biology in the study of open systems.

Author: Ziheng Yang
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198566999
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 374

View

Book Description
This book describes the models, methods and algorithms that are most useful for analysing the ever-increasing supply of molecular sequence data, with a view to furthering our understanding of the evolution of genes and genomes.

Author: Wenjun Zhang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814282634
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 310

View

Book Description
Ch. 1. Introduction. 1. Computational ecology. 2. Artificial neural networks and ecological applications -- pt. I. Artificial neural networks : principles, theories and algorithms. ch. 2. Feedforward neural networks. 1. Linear separability and perceptron. 2. Some analogies of multilayer feedforward networks. 3. Functionability of multilayer feedforward networks. ch. 3. Linear neural networks. 1. Linear neural networks. 2. LMS rule. ch. 4. Radial basis function neural networks. 1. Theory of RBF neural network. 2. Regularized RBF neural network. 3. RBF neural network learning. 4. Probabilistic neural network. 5. Generalized regression neural network. 6. Functional link neural network. 7. Wavelet neural network. ch. 5. BP neural network. 1. BP algorithm. 2. BP theorem. 3. BP training. 4. Limitations and improvements of BP algorithm. ch. 6. Self-organizing neural networks. 1. Self-organizing feature map neural network. 2. Self-organizing competitive learning neural network. 3. Hamming neural network. 4. WTA neural network. 5. LVQ neural network. 6. Adaptive resonance theory. ch. 7. Feedback neural networks. 1. Elman neural network. 2. Hopfield neural networks. 3. Simulated annealing. 4. Boltzmann machine. ch. 8. Design and customization of artificial neural networks. 1. Mixture of experts. 2. Hierarchical mixture of experts. 3. Neural network controller. 4. Customization of neural networks. ch. 9. Learning theory, architecture choice and interpretability of neural networks. 1. Learning theory. 2. Architecture choice. 3. Interpretability of neural networks. ch. 10. Mathematical foundations of artificial neural networks. 1. Bayesian methods. 2. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo techniques. 3. Stochastic process and stochastic differential equation. 4. Interpolation. 5. Function approximation. 6. Optimization methods. 7. Manifold and differential geometry. 8. Functional analysis. 9. Algebraic topology. 10. Motion stability. 11. Entropy of a system. 12. Distance or similarity measures. ch. 11. Matlab neural network toolkit. 1. Functions of perceptron. 2. Functions of linear neural networks. 3. Functions of BP neural network. 4. Functions of self-organizing neural networks. 5. Functions of radial basis neural networks. 6. Functions of probabilistic neural network. 7. Function of generalized regression neural network. 8. Functions of Hopfield neural network. 9. Function of Elman neural network -- pt. II. Applications of artificial neural networks in ecology. ch. 12. Dynamic modeling of survival process. 1. Model description. 2. Data description. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 13. Simulation of plant growth process. 1. Model description. 2. Data source. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 14. Simulation of food intake dynamics. 1. Model description. 2. Data description. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 15. Species richness estimation and sampling data documentation. 1. Estimation of plant species richness on grassland. 2. Documentation of sampling data of invertebrates. ch. 16. Modeling arthropod abundance from plant composition of grassland community. 1. Model description. 2. Data description. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 17. Pattern recognition and classification of ecosystems and functional groups. 1. Model description. 2. Data source. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 18. Modeling spatial distribution of arthropods. 1. Model description. 2. Data description. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. ch. 19. Risk assessment of species invasion and establishment. 1. Invasion risk assessment based on species assemblages. 2. Determination of abiotic factors influencing species invasion. ch. 20. Prediction of surface ozone. 1. BP prediction of daily total ozone. 2. MLP Prediction of hourly ozone levels. ch. 21. Modeling dispersion and distribution of oxide and nitrate pollutants. 1. Modeling nitrogen dioxide dispersion. 2. Simulation of nitrate distribution in ground water. ch. 22. Modeling terrestrial biomass. 1. Estimation of aboveground grassland biomass. 2. Estimation of trout biomass

Author: Friedrich Recknagel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662051508
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410

View

Book Description
Ecological Informatics is defined as the design and application of computational techniques for ecological analysis, synthesis, forecasting and management. The book provides an introduction to the scope, concepts and techniques of this newly emerging discipline. It illustrates numerous applications of Ecological Informatics for stream systems, river systems, freshwater lakes and marine systems as well as image recognition at micro and macro scale. Case studies focus on applications of artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and adaptive agents to current ecological management issues such as toxic algal blooms, eutrophication, habitat degradation, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable fishery.

Author: Peter Lucas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118240065
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272

View

Book Description
We are facing a future of unbounded complexity. Whether that complexity is harnessed to build a world that is safe, pleasant, humane and profitable, or whether it causes us to careen off a cliff into an abyss of mind-numbing junk is an open question. The challenges and opportunities--technical, business, and human--that this technological sea change will bring are without precedent. Entire industries will be born and others will be laid to ruin as our society navigates this journey. There are already many more computing devices in the world than there are people. In a few more years, their number will climb into the trillions. We put microprocessors into nearly every significant thing that we manufacture, and the cost of routine computing and storage is rapidly becoming negligible. We have literally permeated our world with computation. But more significant than mere numbers is the fact we are quickly figuring out how to make those processors communicate with each other, and with us. We are about to be faced, not with a trillion isolated devices, but with a trillion-node network: a network whose scale and complexity will dwarf that of today’s Internet. And, unlike the Internet, this will be a network not of computation that we use, but of computation that we live in. Written by the leaders of one of America’s leading pervasive computing design firms, this book gives a no-holds-barred insiders’ account of both the promise and the risks of the age of Trillions. It is also a cautionary tale of the head-in-the-sand attitude with which many of today’s thought-leaders are at present approaching these issues. Trillions is a field guide to the future--designed to help businesses and their customers prepare to prosper, in the information.

Author: Brady Peters
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119097894
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 256

View

Book Description
Computing the Environment presents practical workflows and guidance for designers to get feedback on their design using digital design tools on environmental performance. Starting with an extensive state-of-the-art survey of what top international offices are currently using in their design projects, this book presents detailed descriptions of the tools, algorithms, and workflows used and discusses the theories that underlie these methods. Project examples from Transsolar Klimaengineering, Buro Happold´s SMART Group, Behnish Behnisch Architects, Thomas Herzog, Autodesk Research are contextualized with quotes and references to key thinkers in this field such as Eric Winsberg, Andrew Marsh, Michelle Addington and Ali Malkawi.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309257581
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 172

View

Book Description
A broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT. The focus of Computing Research for Sustainability is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. Computing Research for Sustainability focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability.

Author: Wenjun Zhang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814282626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310

View

Book Description
Due to the complexity and non-linearity of most ecological problems, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have attracted attention from ecologists and environmental scientists. This book provides readers with knowledge on algorithms, programs, and applications of ANNs in ecology. It proposes computational ecology.

Author: Alan H. Fielding
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461552893
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265

View

Book Description
This is the first text aimed at introducing machine learning methods to a readership of professional ecologists. All but one of the chapters have been written by ecologists and biologists who highlight the application of a particular method to a particular class of problem.

Author: John S. Conery
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466572450
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 439

View

Book Description
An Active Learning Approach to Teaching the Main Ideas in Computing Explorations in Computing: An Introduction to Computer Science and Python Programming teaches computer science students how to use programming skills to explore fundamental concepts and computational approaches to solving problems. Tbook gives beginning students an introduction to