The Effect of Science on the Second World War PDF Download

Author: G. Hartcup
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230596177
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
The latest advances in science were fully exploited in the Second World War. They included radar, sonar, improved radio, methods of reducing disease, primitive computers, the new science of operational research and, finally, the atomic bomb, necessarily developed like all wartime technology in a remarkably short time. Such progress would have been impossible without the cooperation of Allied scientists with the military. The Axis powers' failure to recognise this was a major factor in their defeat.

Author: Ad Maas
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135784574
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Book Description
This book seeks to explore how scientists across a number of countries managed to cope with the challenging circumstances created by World War II. No scientist remained unaffected by the outbreak of WWII. As the book shows, there were basically two opposite ways in which the war encroached on the life of a scientific researcher. In some cases, the outbreak of the war led to engagement in research in support of a war-waging country; in the other extreme, it resulted in their marginalisation. The book, starting with the most marginalised scientist and ending with those fully engaged in the war-effort, covers the whole spectrum of enormously varying scientific fates. Distinctive features of the volume include: a focus on the experiences of ‘ordinary’ scientists, rather than on figureheads like Oppenheimer or Otto Hahn contributions from a range of renowned academics including Mark Walker, an authority in the field of science in World War II a detailed study of the Netherlands during the German Occupation This richly illustrated volume will be of major interest to researchers of the history of science, World War II, and Modern History.

Author: Walter E. Grunden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
While previous writers have focused primarily on strategic, military, and intelligence factors, Walter Grunden underscores the dramatic scientific and technological disparities that left Japan vunerable and ultimately led to its defeat in World War II.

Author: David F. Channell
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351977415
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Are science and technology independent of one another? Is technology dependent upon science, and if so, how is it dependent? Is science dependent upon technology, and if so how is it dependent? Or, are science and technology becoming so interdependent that the line dividing them has become totally erased? This book charts the history of technoscience from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century and shows how the military–industrial–academic complex and big science combined to create new examples of technoscience in such areas as the nuclear arms race, the space race, the digital age, and the new worlds of nanotechnology and biotechnology.

Author: United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years.

Author: Allison L. Palmadessa
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536195019
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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Book Description
"This edited collection exhibits research that considers economic, educational, technological, and strategic planning that contributed to nations' involvement in and the lasting impact of engagement in World War II. Written by historians and social scientists from around the world, each chapter offers an insight into the experiences and implications of those involved in the war - as leaders, civilians, politicians - and the continued strains resulting from diplomatic relationships and the casualties on and off the battlefield. The Second World War devastated the world - not equally in all areas or nations, but it altered the course of human history. These works contribute to the ability to make sense of this brutal war and in doing so, offer readers an opportunity to learn about some lesser-understood implications and results of the Second World War"--

Author: Mark Stoler
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
ISBN: 162466749X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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Book Description
"Outstanding . . . the best short history I have read of America’s role in World War II. Stoler and Michelmore draw on a judicious selection of historical documents to provide a concise, readable history. The historiography of the war is well covered and explained. It is no small task to delineate the many, sometimes, heated debates over the conduct of the war, and in this volume the many sides of the historical debate are fairly and evenly treated. For a single-volume study, the book is remarkably comprehensive. It addresses major events and decisions; yet it also covers the political and policy-driven, strategic and operational, and social and cultural aspects of the War. The development of key technologies (such as the atomic bomb) and intelligence capabilities are explained. Finally, this book also covers topics that are often neglected in histories of the War, including racism in America, the American response to the Holocaust, and the evolving role of women in the workforce." —Adrian Lewis, The University of Kansas, author of The American Culture of War: The History of U.S. Military Forces from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom (Routledge, 2nd ed. 2012)

Author: Alexander J. Field
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300268572
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Book Description
A reminder that war is not always, or even generally, good for long-term growth Many believe that despite its destructive character, war ultimately boosts long‑term economic growth. For the United States this view is often supported by appeal to the experience of the Second World War, understood as a triumph of both production and productivity. Alexander Field shows that between 1941 and 1945 manufacturing productivity actually declined, depressed by changes in the output mix and resource shocks from enemy action, including curtailed access to natural rubber and, on the Eastern Seaboard, petroleum. The war forced a shift away from producing goods in which the country had a great deal of experience toward those in which it had little. Learning by doing was only a partial counterbalance to the intermittent idleness and input hoarding that characterized a shortage economy and dragged down productivity. The conflict distorted human and physical capital accumulation and once it ended, America stopped producing most of the new goods. The war temporarily shut down basic scientific research and the ongoing development of civilian goods. U.S. world economic dominance in 1948, Field shows, was due less to the experience of making war goods and more to the country’s productive potential in 1941.

Author: Naomi Oreskes
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262526530
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 467

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Book Description
Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

Author: Hannah Gay
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1908979445
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 856

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Book Description
This is the first major history of Imperial College London. The book tells the story of a new type of institution that came into being in 1907 with the federation of three older colleges. Imperial College was founded by the state for advanced university-level training in science and technology, and for the promotion of research in support of industry throughout the British Empire. True to its name the college built a wide number of Imperial links and was an outward looking institution from the start. Today, in the post-colonial world, it retains its outward-looking stance, both in its many international research connections, and with staff and students from around the world. Connections to industry and the state remain important. The College is one of Britain's premier research and teaching institutions, including now medicine alongside science and engineering. This book is an in-depth study of Imperial College; it covers both governance and academic activity within the larger context of political, economic and socio-cultural life in twentieth-century Britain. Contents:IntroductionBefore Imperial: The Colleges that Federated in 1907The Founding of Imperial CollegeGovernance and Innovation, 1907–43Imperial College during the First World WarContinuity within the Three Old Colleges, 1907–45Imperial Science at Imperial CollegeImperial College during the Second World WarExpansion: Post-War to Robbins, 1945–67 (Part One)Expansion: Post-War to Robbins, 1945–67 (Part Two)Corporate and Social LifeThe Making of the Modern College, 1967–85: Part One-Governance in a New Political ClimateThe Making of the Modern College, 1967–85: Part Two: Academic RestructuringDiversifying the CurriculumThe Expanding College, 1985–2001…Part One: Governance and the Medical School MergersThe Expanding College, 1985–2001…Part Two: Some Academic DevelopmentsConclusion Readership: Academic libraries, alumni, staff and students of Imperial College, historians of science, technology and medicine, and historians of twentieth-century Britain. Keywords:History;Imperial College;Science;Technology;Medicine;Higher Education;ResearchReviews:“Accessibility and vast reference material justifies The History of Imperial College London's place on the bookshelf of any institutional historian of science and technology. Gay has provided a well-researched glimpse into the broader role of higher education in 20th century British history.”History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences “Overall the author has admirably succeeded in fulfilling her aims by producing an account that is both scholarly and accessible. She has also judiciously balanced detailed accounts of departments and research programmes with attention to the wider institutional, political, economic and social context that determined the resources they had available to them … it deserves a place as an important reference work for anyone interested in the history of science and technology or of higher education in Britain during the twentieth century.”AMBIX “Overall, Gay's history of Imperial College is an invaluable source of information not only on the college's history, but more broadly on the history of science, technology and medicine in the United Kingdom during the twentieth century.”The British Journal for the History of Science