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Vietnamese local chicken breeds

Vietnamese local chicken breeds PDF Author: Ngo Thi Kim Cuc
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736933436
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126

Book Description
The overall goal of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of the Vietnamese local chicken breeds and to identify population priorities for conservation. The specific aims were 1) to assess and explain the population genetic structure of the Vietnamese breeds, 2) to characterize the Vietnamese breeds in relation to the Chinese breeds and wild chickens, 3) to estimate conservation potentials for conservation priorities of the Vietnamese breeds, and 4) to define an optimal allocation of limited conservation funds to them. First genetic diversity within and between the Vietnamese breeds was analysed at the autosomal level using 29 microsatellites. A total of 353 individuals of nine Vietnamese local breeds and two breeds of Chinese origin were studied. The Vietnamese breeds were sampled from the northern and southern parts of Vietnam while the two Chinese breeds (NIAS Chinese breeds) have been kept at the National Institute of Animal Sciences, Hanoi. The results revealed a high level of diversity within Vietnamese breeds. Analysing the genetic structure using the software package STRUCTURE suggested an optimal clustering at K = 6. These groups encompassed four homogeneous clusters, one formed by the two Chinese breeds and the other three representing a single breed each: the Mekong Delta breed Ac, the South Central Coast breed Choi, and the Red River Delta breed Dong Tao. The six remaining breeds formed two additional admixed clusters. This finding indicates that sub-structuring of the Vietnamese chicken breeds is related to their geographical distribution. The two NIAS Chinese breeds are genetically distinct from the Vietnamese breeds. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were used to determine the degree of shared mtDNA haplotypes between the studied breeds. A 455-bp fragment of the mtDNA Dloop region was sequenced in 222 chickens of nine Vietnamese breeds and two NIAS Chinese breeds. As reference, a skeleton was created based on chicken mtDNA sequences taken from the Genbank which assigned clades to suggested regions of domestication in chickens. Haplotypes of the nine Vietnamese and two NIAS Chinese breeds were aligned together with these sequences. The mtDNA haplotypes formed eight clades. The majority of individuals of the two NIAS Chinese breeds grouped together in one clade. Although the Vietnamese breeds were distributed across all eight clades, most of them clustered in three main clades originating from Yunnan, South and Southwest China and/or surrounding regions. The differentiation of Vietnamese breeds from Chinese chickens was characterised. For this, as reference, data of 14 indigenous breeds from China (Reference Chinese breeds) and three Red Jungle Fowl populations (Gallus gallus gallus and Gallus gallus spadiceus) genotyped at the same microsatellite loci in a previous study were included. Analysing the genetic structure indicated that the Vietnamese breeds formed a homogeneous group separated from the other breeds (except for the Chinese Chahua breed). This finding provides additional evidence that the Vietnamese gene pool is genetically different from the Chinese gene pool even when a wider range of breeds is considered. Another analysis was also used to find the degree of uniqueness of the Vietnamese breeds relative to a set of three Red Jungle fowl populations. Compared to the reference Chinese breeds, the contribution of the Vietnamese breeds to the set of Red Jungle Fowl populations is lower. This suggests that the Vietnamese breeds are more closely related to the Red Jungle fowl populations than the reference Chinese breeds. The second objective of this thesis was to estimate the conservation potential of the Vietnamese breeds and to derive optimal allocation of conservation funds to maximize genetic diversity conserved between these breeds. The Weitzman approach for assessing alternative conservation strategies for genetic diversity between breeds was used. The approach combines genetic diversity assessed at the molecular level and extinction probabilities estimated by socio-economic factors to derive conservation priorities of breeds based on their conservation potential. To investigate an optimal allocation of conservation funds, three different models were applied. These models reflect the range of possible functions between costs and effects in typical conservation situations. Under the assumptions made it is expected that half of the genetic diversity of the Vietnamese breeds will be lost within the next 30–50 years if no conservation efforts are taken. Conservation potential of the Vietnamese chicken breeds varies considerably. The optimum conservation strategy to maximise genetic diversity between the Vietnamese breeds should prioritize the breeds with the highest conservation potential. Population priorities for allocation of conservation funds to the Vietnamese breeds do not depend on which cost model was used. The three local breeds Te, Dong Tao and Ac have the highest conservation potential and should be the prime candidates for conservation programs.

Vietnamese local chicken breeds

Vietnamese local chicken breeds PDF Author: Ngo Thi Kim Cuc
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736933436
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126

Book Description
The overall goal of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of the Vietnamese local chicken breeds and to identify population priorities for conservation. The specific aims were 1) to assess and explain the population genetic structure of the Vietnamese breeds, 2) to characterize the Vietnamese breeds in relation to the Chinese breeds and wild chickens, 3) to estimate conservation potentials for conservation priorities of the Vietnamese breeds, and 4) to define an optimal allocation of limited conservation funds to them. First genetic diversity within and between the Vietnamese breeds was analysed at the autosomal level using 29 microsatellites. A total of 353 individuals of nine Vietnamese local breeds and two breeds of Chinese origin were studied. The Vietnamese breeds were sampled from the northern and southern parts of Vietnam while the two Chinese breeds (NIAS Chinese breeds) have been kept at the National Institute of Animal Sciences, Hanoi. The results revealed a high level of diversity within Vietnamese breeds. Analysing the genetic structure using the software package STRUCTURE suggested an optimal clustering at K = 6. These groups encompassed four homogeneous clusters, one formed by the two Chinese breeds and the other three representing a single breed each: the Mekong Delta breed Ac, the South Central Coast breed Choi, and the Red River Delta breed Dong Tao. The six remaining breeds formed two additional admixed clusters. This finding indicates that sub-structuring of the Vietnamese chicken breeds is related to their geographical distribution. The two NIAS Chinese breeds are genetically distinct from the Vietnamese breeds. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were used to determine the degree of shared mtDNA haplotypes between the studied breeds. A 455-bp fragment of the mtDNA Dloop region was sequenced in 222 chickens of nine Vietnamese breeds and two NIAS Chinese breeds. As reference, a skeleton was created based on chicken mtDNA sequences taken from the Genbank which assigned clades to suggested regions of domestication in chickens. Haplotypes of the nine Vietnamese and two NIAS Chinese breeds were aligned together with these sequences. The mtDNA haplotypes formed eight clades. The majority of individuals of the two NIAS Chinese breeds grouped together in one clade. Although the Vietnamese breeds were distributed across all eight clades, most of them clustered in three main clades originating from Yunnan, South and Southwest China and/or surrounding regions. The differentiation of Vietnamese breeds from Chinese chickens was characterised. For this, as reference, data of 14 indigenous breeds from China (Reference Chinese breeds) and three Red Jungle Fowl populations (Gallus gallus gallus and Gallus gallus spadiceus) genotyped at the same microsatellite loci in a previous study were included. Analysing the genetic structure indicated that the Vietnamese breeds formed a homogeneous group separated from the other breeds (except for the Chinese Chahua breed). This finding provides additional evidence that the Vietnamese gene pool is genetically different from the Chinese gene pool even when a wider range of breeds is considered. Another analysis was also used to find the degree of uniqueness of the Vietnamese breeds relative to a set of three Red Jungle fowl populations. Compared to the reference Chinese breeds, the contribution of the Vietnamese breeds to the set of Red Jungle Fowl populations is lower. This suggests that the Vietnamese breeds are more closely related to the Red Jungle fowl populations than the reference Chinese breeds. The second objective of this thesis was to estimate the conservation potential of the Vietnamese breeds and to derive optimal allocation of conservation funds to maximize genetic diversity conserved between these breeds. The Weitzman approach for assessing alternative conservation strategies for genetic diversity between breeds was used. The approach combines genetic diversity assessed at the molecular level and extinction probabilities estimated by socio-economic factors to derive conservation priorities of breeds based on their conservation potential. To investigate an optimal allocation of conservation funds, three different models were applied. These models reflect the range of possible functions between costs and effects in typical conservation situations. Under the assumptions made it is expected that half of the genetic diversity of the Vietnamese breeds will be lost within the next 30–50 years if no conservation efforts are taken. Conservation potential of the Vietnamese chicken breeds varies considerably. The optimum conservation strategy to maximise genetic diversity between the Vietnamese breeds should prioritize the breeds with the highest conservation potential. Population priorities for allocation of conservation funds to the Vietnamese breeds do not depend on which cost model was used. The three local breeds Te, Dong Tao and Ac have the highest conservation potential and should be the prime candidates for conservation programs.

Vietnamese Local Chicken Breeds

Vietnamese Local Chicken Breeds PDF Author: Thi-Kim-Cuc Ngo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783869553436
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121

Book Description


Identifying Barriers to Entry to Livestock Input and Output Markets in South-East Asia

Identifying Barriers to Entry to Livestock Input and Output Markets in South-East Asia PDF Author: Ma. Lucila A. Lapar
Publisher: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
ISBN: 9789291461530
Category : Livestock
Languages : en
Pages : 64

Book Description
'This study provides a review of the development of the livestock sector during the last decade and identifies barriers to livestock input and output markets for smallholder livestock producers. Potential issues for research and development that can be addressed through policy and institutional reforms are also identified. This report focuses on the pig and poultry sector. Both sectors, particularly the pig sector, have been growing rapidly and are on the verge of structural transformation, in response to both internal and external focus, i.e. the expanding domestic demand and the opportunities for export ' (from Executive Summary, p 1)

Issues in Animal Science and Research: 2011 Edition

Issues in Animal Science and Research: 2011 Edition PDF Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1464965099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1747

Book Description
Issues in Animal Science and Research / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Animal Science and Research. The editors have built Issues in Animal Science and Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Animal Science and Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Animal Science and Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Phenotypic Characterization, Genetics and Genomics of Livestock in Low Input Systems

Phenotypic Characterization, Genetics and Genomics of Livestock in Low Input Systems PDF Author: Mohammed Ali Al Abri
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832502857
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208

Book Description


Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia

Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia PDF Author: Franz J. Heidhüs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540712208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404

Book Description
This book creates a scientific base for the development and testing of sustainable production and land use systems in ecologically fragile and economically disadvantaged mountainous regions in Southeast Asia; to develop concepts for rural institutions that can reduce rural poverty and food insecurity, and improve livelihoods in mountainous regions in Southeast Asia; and to explore methods for analyzing complex ecosystems and their interactions with the socio-cultural, economic and institutional environment.

Viral Economies

Viral Economies PDF Author: Natalie Porter
Publisher:
ISBN: 022664894X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 234

Book Description
Over the last decade, infectious disease outbreaks have heightened fears of a catastrophic pandemic passing from animals to humans. From Ebola and bird flu to swine flu and MERS, zoonotic viruses are killing animals and wreaking havoc on the people living near them. Given this clear correlation between animals and viral infection, why are animals largely invisible in social science accounts of pandemics, and why do they remain marginal in critiques of global public health? In Viral Economies, Natalie Porter draws from long-term research on bird flu in Vietnam to chart the pathways of scientists, NGO workers, state veterinarians, and poultry farmers as they define and address pandemic risks. Porter argues that as global health programs expand their purview to include life and livestock, they weigh the interests of public health against those of commercial agriculture, rural tradition, and scientific innovation. Porter challenges human-centered analyses of pandemics and shows how dynamic and often dangerous human-animal relations take on global significance as poultry and their pathogens travel through global livestock economies and transnational health networks. Viral Economies urges readers to think critically about the ideas, relationships, and practices that produce our everyday commodities, and that shape how we determine the value of life--both human and nonhuman.

Translations on North Vietnam

Translations on North Vietnam PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Vietnam (Democratic Republic)
Languages : en
Pages : 696

Book Description


Book of Abstracts of the 69th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science

Book of Abstracts of the 69th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science PDF Author: Scientific Committee
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086868711
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 703

Book Description
This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 69th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations of the sessions of EAAP's eleven Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems, Insects and Precision Livestock Farming.

Exploring Approaches to Research in the Animal Sciences in Vietnam

Exploring Approaches to Research in the Animal Sciences in Vietnam PDF Author: W. J. Pryor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal industry
Languages : en
Pages : 220

Book Description