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Author: Linda Marie Saghi Aidan, PhD Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1453506632 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Click here to read an excerpt from the book. I have long tried to understand why the Arab-Israeli Conflict has not been resolved. Despite many attempts at regional and international negotiations since the time of the Mandate, the Conflict has persisted and the Palestinians still do not have a state. The continuation of the Palestinian question within the more general context of this issue places it at the heart of the Conflict and this is the reason why I centered my analysis on the Israelis and just the Palestinians (instead of all the Arab states in the region). Lack of a solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict may thus be associated with absence of a state for the Palestinians. My case study begins with a brief introduction to trends in negotiations after which I come to my central research question: Why, despite all these attempts at negotiation had the Arab-Israeli Conflict not been resolved? I had a feeling the problem might have to do with beliefs. That is, both sides to the Conflict held (and some still hold) maximalist beliefs about having the whole of what was mandated Palestine for themselves. Both sides have made advances toward peace but the Conflict continues and the Palestinians still do not have a state. I assumed that unless both sides changed their beliefs regarding territory there would be no resolution to the Conflict. In my view, change was not a matter of eliminating a belief but changing the priority of one belief over another, i.e. to believe in peace instead of believing in having all the land of Palestine. Before developing some ideas about beliefs in the next section, I reviewed some of the literature in international relations that dealt with conflict analysis. Two of the more popular ones are the realist approach and organizational theory. Realist theorists Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz examine conflict in terms of maximizing interests, in particular power. (See Introduction.) Their approaches can explain situations where interests are clear-cut but power cannot always impose itself as is seen by international attempts at negotiation or even Israel’s efforts to impose a solution on the Palestinians. Organizational theory does not necessarily explain situations where state or government bureaucracies don’t exist, e.g. with the Palestinians during the time of the Mandate. I then decided to go ahead and see what beliefs had to offer to conflict analysis. In the section following the realist and organization discussion, I looked at beliefs from the standpoint of belief system theorists in international relations and from the psychological approaches that influenced them. In order to better examine beliefs and be able to use them to explain this Conflict (and perhaps others later), I formulated four questions and then looked at what belief system theorists and psychologists had to say about them: How were beliefs formed, were they consistent with behavior, could they change and if so, how. Two of the major theories in psychology were looked at: Attribution and learning. (See Introduction for more on these approaches.) From these two approaches we can learn much about how beliefs are formed and, in so doing, how they can change. For example, in interpreting incoming information individuals tend to attribute causes to explaining event. This causation process implies some reasoning ability and facilitates learning. One problem with attribution theory is that it indicates what an individual should do but the person is not always so careful in causal analysis. Still, the approach is valuable to understanding beliefs. These theories also highlight the importance of experience, as the past is so often the source of recurrent behavior. For any successful negotiation, communicat
Author: Linda Marie Saghi Aidan, PhD Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1453506632 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Click here to read an excerpt from the book. I have long tried to understand why the Arab-Israeli Conflict has not been resolved. Despite many attempts at regional and international negotiations since the time of the Mandate, the Conflict has persisted and the Palestinians still do not have a state. The continuation of the Palestinian question within the more general context of this issue places it at the heart of the Conflict and this is the reason why I centered my analysis on the Israelis and just the Palestinians (instead of all the Arab states in the region). Lack of a solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict may thus be associated with absence of a state for the Palestinians. My case study begins with a brief introduction to trends in negotiations after which I come to my central research question: Why, despite all these attempts at negotiation had the Arab-Israeli Conflict not been resolved? I had a feeling the problem might have to do with beliefs. That is, both sides to the Conflict held (and some still hold) maximalist beliefs about having the whole of what was mandated Palestine for themselves. Both sides have made advances toward peace but the Conflict continues and the Palestinians still do not have a state. I assumed that unless both sides changed their beliefs regarding territory there would be no resolution to the Conflict. In my view, change was not a matter of eliminating a belief but changing the priority of one belief over another, i.e. to believe in peace instead of believing in having all the land of Palestine. Before developing some ideas about beliefs in the next section, I reviewed some of the literature in international relations that dealt with conflict analysis. Two of the more popular ones are the realist approach and organizational theory. Realist theorists Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz examine conflict in terms of maximizing interests, in particular power. (See Introduction.) Their approaches can explain situations where interests are clear-cut but power cannot always impose itself as is seen by international attempts at negotiation or even Israel’s efforts to impose a solution on the Palestinians. Organizational theory does not necessarily explain situations where state or government bureaucracies don’t exist, e.g. with the Palestinians during the time of the Mandate. I then decided to go ahead and see what beliefs had to offer to conflict analysis. In the section following the realist and organization discussion, I looked at beliefs from the standpoint of belief system theorists in international relations and from the psychological approaches that influenced them. In order to better examine beliefs and be able to use them to explain this Conflict (and perhaps others later), I formulated four questions and then looked at what belief system theorists and psychologists had to say about them: How were beliefs formed, were they consistent with behavior, could they change and if so, how. Two of the major theories in psychology were looked at: Attribution and learning. (See Introduction for more on these approaches.) From these two approaches we can learn much about how beliefs are formed and, in so doing, how they can change. For example, in interpreting incoming information individuals tend to attribute causes to explaining event. This causation process implies some reasoning ability and facilitates learning. One problem with attribution theory is that it indicates what an individual should do but the person is not always so careful in causal analysis. Still, the approach is valuable to understanding beliefs. These theories also highlight the importance of experience, as the past is so often the source of recurrent behavior. For any successful negotiation, communicat
Author: Linda Marie S. Aidan Publisher: ISBN: 9781413498806 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
I have long tried to understand why the Arab-Israeli Conflict has not been resolved. Despite many attempts at regional and international negotiations since the time of the Mandate, the Conflict has persisted and the Palestinians still do not have a state. The continuation of the Palestinian question within the more general context of this issue places it at the heart of the Conflict and this is the reason why I centered my analysis on the Israelis and just the Palestinians (instead of all the Arab states in the region). Lack of a solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict may thus be associated with absence of a state for the Palestinians. My case study begins with a brief introduction to trends in negotiations after which I come to my central research question: Why, despite all these attempts at negotiation had the Arab-Israeli Conflict not been resolved? I had a feeling the problem might have to do with beliefs. That is, both sides to the Conflict held (and some still hold) maximalist beliefs about having the whole of what was mandated Palestine for themselves. Both sides have made advances toward peace but the Conflict continues and the Palestinians still do not have a state. I assumed that unless both sides changed their beliefs regarding territory there would be no resolution to the Conflict. In my view, change was not a matter of eliminating a belief but changing the priority of one belief over another, i.e. to believe in peace instead of believing in having all the land of Palestine. Before developing some ideas about beliefs in the next section, I reviewed some of the literature in international relations that dealt with conflict analysis. Two of the more popular ones are the realistapproach and organizational theory. Realist theorists Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz examine conflict in terms of maximizing interests, in particular power. (See Introduction.) Their approaches can explain situations where interests are clear-cut but power cannot always impose itself as is seen by international attempts at negotiation or even Israel's efforts to impose a solution on the Palestinians. Organizational theory does not necessarily explain situations where state or government bureaucracies don't exist, e.g. with the Palestinians during the time of the Mandate. I then decided to go ahead and see what beliefs had to offer to conflict analysis. In the section following the realist and organization discussion, I looked at beliefs from the standpoint of belief system theorists in international relations and from the psychological approaches that influenced them. In order to better examine beliefs and be able to use them to explain this Conflict (and perhaps others later), I formulated four questions and then looked at what belief system theorists and psychologists had to say about them: How were beliefs formed, were they consistent with behavior, could they change and if so, how. Two of the major theories in psychology were looked at: Attribution and learning. (See Introduction for more on these approaches.) From these two approaches we can learn much about how beliefs are formed and, in so doing, how they can change. For example, in interpreting incoming information individuals tend to attribute causes to explaining event. This causation process implies some reasoning ability and facilitates learning. One problem with attribution theory is that it indicates what an individualshould do but the person is not always so careful in causal analysis. Still, the approach is valuable to understanding beliefs. These theories also highlight the importance of experience, as the past is so often the source of recurrent behavior. For any successful negotiation, communication is imperative and rests on an understanding of the other party. In understanding whether beliefs and behavior were consistent, I looked at Leon Festinger's dissonance theory (see Introduction). As I will illustrate, some psychologists argue that beliefs can a
Author: Daniel Zoughbie Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 026202733X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
A riveting account examines the major assumptions underpinning U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East during the Bush years, offering original insights and drawing on interviews with 45 global leaders, including Colin Powell, Salam Fayyad and Condoleezza Rice.
Author: Michael Curtis Publisher: Transaction Publishers ISBN: 9780878555000 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Eighteen eminent, contemporary scholars on the Middle East clarify the historical background of the Arab-Israeli conflict, present careful analyses of the economic, social and demographic aspects of the area, and lay the foundation for a better understanding of the relevant political problems on which a peaceful settlement rests. No. 1 in the series. Contents: Introduction - (Michael Curtis). PART ONE - ARABS AND JEWS IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Israel and Palestine: The Political Use of Ethics (Ben Halpern). Intergroup Relations in Israel (Hugh M. Smythe and Sandra Weintraub). Ethnic Relations in Israel (Yochanan Peres). The Palestine Arabs: A National Entity (Don Perer:). Who Are the Palestinians? (Marie Syrkin). DISCUSSION. PART TWO -ECONOMIC, HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES. Economic Aspects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Eliyahu Kanovsky). The Ba'ath In Syria (Sylvia G. Haim). .Arab Refugees and the Arab-Israeli Dilemma (Fred Khouri). The Second Arab Awakening (Jon Kimche). Demography and Geography in Palestine (Samuel Merlin). DISCUSSION. PART THREE - POLITICAL DYNAMICS AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT. Political Systems of the Middle East: Opening Remarks (Irving Louis Horowitz). The Fiasco of Anglo-American Middle East Policy (Amos Perlmutter). The Middle East and the Great Powers (F.H. Hinsley), Ending the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Yehoshafat Harkabi). Clashing Horizons: Arabs and Revolution (Abdul Aziz Said). The New Left and Israel (Shlomo Avineri). Closing Horizons: Israelis and Nationalism (Gil Carl Alroy). DISCUSSION.
Author: Rashid Khalidi Publisher: Beacon Press ISBN: 0807044768 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
Winner of the 2014 Lionel Trilling Book Award An examination of the failure of the United States as a broker in the Palestinian-Israeli peace process, through three key historical moments For more than seven decades the conflict between Israel and the Palestinian people has raged on with no end in sight, and for much of that time, the United States has been involved as a mediator in the conflict. In this book, acclaimed historian Rashid Khalidi zeroes in on the United States’s role as the purported impartial broker in this failed peace process. Khalidi closely analyzes three historical moments that illuminate how the United States’ involvement has, in fact, thwarted progress toward peace between Israel and Palestine. The first moment he investigates is the “Reagan Plan” of 1982, when Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin refused to accept the Reagan administration’s proposal to reframe the Camp David Accords more impartially. The second moment covers the period after the Madrid Peace Conference, from 1991 to 1993, during which negotiations between Israel and Palestine were brokered by the United States until the signing of the secretly negotiated Oslo accords. Finally, Khalidi takes on President Barack Obama’s retreat from plans to insist on halting the settlements in the West Bank. Through in-depth research into and keen analysis of these three moments, as well as his own firsthand experience as an advisor to the Palestinian delegation at the 1991 pre–Oslo negotiations in Washington, DC, Khalidi reveals how the United States and Israel have actively colluded to prevent a Palestinian state and resolve the situation in Israel’s favor. Brokers of Deceit bares the truth about why peace in the Middle East has been impossible to achieve: for decades, US policymakers have masqueraded as unbiased agents working to bring the two sides together, when, in fact, they have been the agents of continuing injustice, effectively preventing the difficult but essential steps needed to achieve peace in the region.
Author: Kathleen Christison Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520922360 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
For most of the twentieth century, considered opinion in the United States regarding Palestine has favored the inherent right of Jews to exist in the Holy Land. That Palestinians, as a native population, could claim the same right has been largely ignored. Kathleen Christison's controversial new book shows how the endurance of such assumptions, along with America's singular focus on Israel and general ignorance of the Palestinian point of view, has impeded a resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Christison begins with the derogatory images of Arabs purveyed by Western travelers to the Middle East in the nineteenth century, including Mark Twain, who wrote that Palestine's inhabitants were "abject beggars by nature, instinct, and education." She demonstrates other elements that have influenced U.S. policymakers: American religious attitudes toward the Holy Land that legitimize the Jewish presence; sympathy for Jews derived from the Holocaust; a sense of cultural identity wherein Israelis are "like us" and Arabs distant aliens. She makes a forceful case that decades of negative portrayals of Palestinians have distorted U.S. policy, making it virtually impossible to promote resolutions based on equality and reciprocity between Palestinians and Israelis. Christison also challenges prevalent media images and emphasizes the importance of terminology: Two examples are the designation of who is a "terrorist" and the imposition of place names (which can pass judgment on ownership). Christison's thoughtful book raises a final disturbing question: If a broader frame of reference on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict had been employed, allowing a less warped public discourse, might not years of warfare have been avoided and steps toward peace achieved much earlier?
Author: Abdel Monem Said Aly Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic ISBN: 9781137290823 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Thoughtful and innovative in its approach, this textbook provides a balanced overview of one of the most protracted and bitter struggles of modern times: the Arab-Israeli conflict. It sets out to relay basic information on the evolution of the conflict and explore the efforts to resolve it, and then goes on to portray the differing perspectives of each of the important parties. Written by a distinguished team of leading scholars, the book outlines key developments in the history of the conflict without imposing propagandistic ideas. It places the events of the conflict within a regional and international context, making it an invaluable insight into the opposing narratives that have fuelled the conflict for so long. This is essential reading for students, academics and policy-makers wishing to understand the history and politics of the Arab-Israeli conflict and its pivotal role in the Middle East, and will be sure to enlighten those who are new to what is considered to be a highly contentious subject, as well as encourage critical thinking and discussion.
Author: Raymond Hinnebusch Publisher: Manchester University Press ISBN: 1847795226 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This text aims to fill a gap in the field of Middle Eastern political studies by combining international relations theory with concrete case studies. It begins with an overview of the rules and features of the Middle East regional system—the arena in which the local states, including Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Israel and the Arab states of Syria, Jordan and Iraq, operate. The book goes on to analyse foreign-policy-making in key states, illustrating how systemic determinants constrain this policy-making, and how these constraints are dealt with in distinctive ways depending on the particular domestic features of the individual states. Finally, it goes on to look at the outcomes of state policies by examining several major conflicts including the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Gulf War, and the system of regional alignment. The study assesses the impact of international penetration in the region, including the historic reasons behind the formation of the regional state system. It also analyses the continued role of external great powers, such as the United States and the former Soviet Union, and explains the process by which the region has become incorporated into the global capitalist market.
Author: Linda Marie Saghi Aidan, PhD
Author: Linda Marie Saghi Aidan, PhD
Author: Linda Marie S. Aidan
Author: Jacob Shamir
Author: Daniel Zoughbie
Author: Michael Curtis
Author: Rashid Khalidi
Author: Kathleen Christison
Author: Abdel Monem Said Aly
Author: Raymond Hinnebusch
Author: Cheryl Rubenberg