Federal support for research and development PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9781422324943
Category : Federal aid to research
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Author: Sheila Marie Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to research
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study, prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on the Budget, examines recent trends in federal support for research and development and the current state of knowledge about the economic effects of that support. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R & D) in the United States; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R & D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R & D spending. This study addresses questions such as whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R & D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment.--Preface.

Author: Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Committee on Science and Technology
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Research
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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New knowledge and continuing innovation have been major factors in increasing economic well-being. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R & D) in the United States, producing the discoveries that in turn lead to new products and services and the growth of productivity; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R & D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending -- fiscal year 2007 appropriations for R & D activities total $137 billion -- and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R & D spending. Studies of federally supported R & D provide multifaceted but incomplete answers to questions about those governmental activities: whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R & D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment. Results of the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) economic analysis of federal support for R & D and its review of trends in the data over time indicate the following: Over the 1953-2004 period as a whole, federal spending for R & D has grown, on average, as fast as the overall economy; Distinguishing between research and development is important in evaluating the effectiveness of the government's R & D spending and the benefits it may provide; Federal funding of research -- particularly of basic research -- is generally viewed favorably because of its large potential for spillovers and the corresponding economic benefits; Studies of federal spending for basic research in the past, particularly studies of research conducted at academic institutions, have estimated that the average returns from that spending exceed the returns that might have been gained had those resources been put to other uses.

Author: Sheila Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
New knowledge and continuing innovation have been major factors in increasing economic well-being. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R&D) in the United States, producing the discoveries that in turn lead to new products and services and the growth of productivity; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R&D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending -- fiscal year 2007 appropriations for R&D activities total $137 billion -- and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R&D spending. Studies of federally supported R&D provide multifaceted but incomplete answers to questions about those governmental activities: whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R&D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment. Results of the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) economic analysis of federal support for R&D and its review of trends in the data over time indicate the following: Over the 1953-2004 period as a whole, federal spending for R&D has grown, on average, as fast as the overall economy; Distinguishing between research and development is important in evaluating the effectiveness of the government's R&D spending and the benefits it may provide; Federal funding of research -- particularly of basic research -- is generally viewed favorably because of its large potential for spillovers and the corresponding economic benefits; Studies of federal spending for basic research in the past, particularly studies of research conducted at academic institutions, have estimated that the average returns from that spending exceed the returns that might have been gained had those resources been put to other uses.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309053471
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309150620
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 121

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Two surveys of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) provide some of the most significant data available to understand research and development spending and policy in the United States. These are the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development and the Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions. These surveys help reach conclusions about fundamental policy questions, such as whether a given field of research is adequately funded, whether funding is balanced among fields, and whether deficiencies in funding may be contributing to a loss of U.S. scientific or economic competitiveness. However, the survey data are of insufficient quality and timeliness to support many of the demands put on them. In addition the surveys are increasingly difficult to conduct in times of constrained resources, and their technological, procedural, and conceptual infrastructure has not been modernized for procedure or content. Data on Federal Research and Development Investments reviews the uses and collection of data on federal funds and federal support for science and technology and recommends future directions for the program based on an assessment of these uses and the adequacy of the surveys. The book also considers the classification structure, or taxonomy, for the fields of science and engineering.

Author: Louis Schorsch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to research
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Author: Piper B. Collins
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781607414865
Category : Federal aid to research
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The United States government supports a broad range of scientific and engineering research and development R&D. Its purposes include addressing specific concerns such as national defence, health, safety, the environment, and energy security, as well as advancing knowledge generally, developing the scientific and engineering workforce and strengthening U.S. innovation and competitiveness in the global economy. The federal government has played an important role in supporting R&D efforts that have led to scientific breakthroughs and new technologies. This book examines the federal role in funding research and development in such areas as energy technology, colleges and universities, and others.

Author: National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Science Resources Studies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to research
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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