Symposium on the Frontiers of Physics at Millennium PDF Download

Author: Yueliang Wu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810243326
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458

View

Book Description
This volume covers high energy physics and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, nuclear physics, plasma physics, condensed matter and solid state physics, high temperature superconductivity, semiconductors, optics, laser physics, biophysics, mathematical physics and quantum mechanics.

Author: Arnold S. Lavro
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590333365
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 156

View

Book Description
Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect. Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Three types of neutrinos are known. Each type or 'flavour' of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the 'electron neutrino' is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau. The book presents citations from the literature for the last three years from the journal literature and the existent book literature. Access is provided by subject, author and title indexes.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9814478644
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812774289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 540

View

Book Description
A Broader View of Relativity shows that there is still new life in old physics. The book examines the historical context and theoretical underpinnings of Einstein''s theory of special relativity and describes Broad Relativity, a generalized theory of coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames that includes Einstein''s special relativity as a special case. It shows how the principle of relativity is compatible with multiple concepts of physical time and how these different procedures for clock synchronization can be useful for thinking about different physical problems, including many-body systems and the development of a Lorentz-invariant thermodynamics. Broad relativity also provides new answers to old questions such as the necessity of postulating the constancy of the speed of light and the viability of Reichenbach''s general concept of time. The book also draws on the idea of limiting-four-dimensional symmetry to describe coordinate transformations and the physics of particles and fields in non-inertial frames, particularly those with constant linear accelerations. This new edition expands the discussion on the role that human conventions and unit systems have played in the historical development of relativity theories and includes new results on the implications of broad relativity for clarifying the status of constants that are truly fundamental and inherent properties of our universe. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview (326 KB). Contents: The Historical and Physical Context of Relativity Theory: Space, Time and Inertial Frames; On the Right Track: Voigt, Lorentz, and Larmor; The Novel Creation of the Young Einstein; A Broader View of Relativity: The Central Role of the Principle of Relativity: Relativity Based Solely on the Principle of Relativity; Experimental Tests I & II; Group Properties of Taiji Relativity and Common Relativity; Common Relativity and Quantum Mechanics; Extended Relativity: A Weaker Postulate for the Speed of Light; The Role of the Principle of Relativity in the Physics of Accelerated Frames: The Principle of Limiting Lorentz and Poincar(r) Invariance; Physical Properties of Spacetime in Accelerated Frames; Dynamics of Classical and Quantum Particles in Constant-Linear-Acceleration Frames; Group and Lie Algebra Properties of Accelerated Spacetime Transformations; Appendices: Systems of Units and the Development of Relativity Theories; Quantum Electrodynamics in Both Linearly Accelerated and Inertial Frames; and other papers. Readership: Researchers in the field of relativity theory and advanced undergraduate students as a supplementary text.

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814480363
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 664

View

Book Description
This collection of papers presents ideas and problems arising over the past 100 years regarding classical and quantum gravity, gauge theories of gravity, and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames. Both Einstein's theory of gravity and the Yang-Mills theory are gauge invariant. The invariance principles in physics have transcended both kinetic and dynamic properties and are at the very heart of our understanding of the physical world. In this spirit, this book attempts to survey the development of various formulations for gravitational and Yang-Mills fields and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames, and to reveal their associated problems and limitations. The aim is to present some of the leading ideas and problems discussed by physicists and mathematicians. We highlight three aspects: formulations of gravity as a Yang-Mills field, first discussed by Utiyama; problems of gravitational theory, discussed by Feynman, Dyson and others; spacetime properties and the physics of fields and particles in accelerated frames of reference. These unfulfilled aspects of Einstein and Yang–Mills' profound thoughts present a great challenge to physicists and mathematicians in the 21st century. Contents:The Dawn of Gravitation:The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (I Newton)On the Dynamics of the Electron (H Poincaré)Einstein's Deepest Insight and Its Early Impacts:Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation (A Einstein & M Grossmann)The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (A Einstein)On a Generalization of the Concept of Riemann Curvature and Spaces with Torsion (E Cartan)The Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravity:Formation of the Stars and Development of the Universe (P Jordan)Yang–Mills' Deepest Insight and Its Relation to Gravity:Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance (C N Yang & R L Mills)Conservation of Heavy Particles and Generalized Gauge Transformations (T D Lee & C N Yang)Invariant Theoretical Interpretation of Interaction (R Utiyama)Accelerated Frames: Generalizing the Lorentz Transformations:On Homogeneous Gravitational Fields in the General Theory of Relativity and the Clock Paradox (C Møller)The Clock Paradox in the Relativity Theory (T Y Wu & Y C Lee)Four-dimensional Symmetry of Taiji Relativity and Coordinate Transformations Based on a Weaker Postulate for the Speed of Light (J P Hsu & L Hsu)Quantum Gravity and 'Ghosts':Quantum Theory of Gravitation (R P Feynman)Quantum Theory of Gravity, III Applications of the Covariant Theory (B S DeWitt)Feynman Diagrams for the Yang–Mills Field (L D Faddeev & V N Popov)Missed Opportunities (F J Dyson)Gauge Theories of Gravity:Extended Translation Invariance and Associated Gauge Fields (K Hayashi & T Nakano)Gravitational Field as a Generalized Gauge Field (R Utiyama & T Fukuyama)Alternate Approaches to Gravity: Roads Less Traveled By:Fixation of Coordinates in the Hamiltonian Theory of Gravitation (P A M Dirac)New General Relativity (K Hayashi & T Shirafuji)Relativistic Theory of Gravitation (A A Logunov & M A Mestvirishvili)Yang–Mills Gravity: A Union of Einstein-Grossmann Metric with Yang–Mills Tensor Fields in Flat Spacetime with Translation Symmetry (J P Hsu)Experimental Tests of Gravitational Theories:Empirical Foundations of the Relativistic Gravity (W T Ni)Binary Pulsars and Relativistic Gravity (J H Taylor, Jr.)Other Perspectives:Concept of Nonintegrable Phase Factors and Global Formulation of Gauge Fields (T T Wu & C N Yang)Gauge Theory: Historical Origins and Some Modern Developments (L O'Raifeartaigh & N Straumann)The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy (P J E Peebles & B Ratra)and other papers Readership: Researchers in theoretical physics, particle physics and mathematical physics. Keywords:Einstein;Yang–Mills;Gauge Fields;Gauge Symmetry;Gravity;Accelerated Frame;General Relativity;Quantum GravityKey Features:Gives the initial formulations of general relativity and Yang–Mills theoryAttempts to formulate gravity as Yang–Mills theory and quantum theory

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814436208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288

View

Book Description
Yang–Mills gravity is a new theory, consistent with experiments, that brings gravity back to the arena of gauge field theory and quantum mechanics in flat space-time. It provides solutions to long-standing difficulties in physics, such as the incompatibility between Einstein's principle of general coordinate invariance and modern schemes for a quantum mechanical description of nature, and Noether's ‘Theorem II’ which showed that the principle of general coordinate invariance in general relativity leads to the failure of the law of conservation of energy. Yang–Mills gravity in flat space-time appears to be more physically coherent than conventional gravity in curved space-time. The problems of quantization of the gravitational field, the operational meaning of space-time coordinates and momenta, and the conservation of energy-momentum are all resolved in Yang–Mills gravity. The aim of this book is to provide a treatment of quantum Yang–Mills gravity, with an emphasis on the ideas and evidence that the gravitational field is the manifestation of space-time translational symmetry in flat space-time, and that there exists a fundamental space-time symmetry framework that can encompass all of physics, including gravity, for all inertial and non-inertial frames of reference. Contents:The Taiji Symmetry Framework (Leonardo Hsu and Jong-Ping Hsu):Space-Time Symmetry, Natural Units and Fundamental ConstantsThe Taiji Relativity FrameworkThe Principle of Limiting Continuation of Physical Laws and Coordinate Transformations for Frames with Constant AccelerationsCoordinate Transformations for Frames with Arbitrary Linear Accelerations and the Taiji Pseudo-GroupCoordinate Transformations for Rotating Frames and Experimental TestsConservation Laws and Symmetric Energy–Momentum TensorsQuantum Yang–Mills Gravity (Jong-Ping Hsu and Leonardo Hsu):The Yang–Mills–Utiyama–Weyl Framework for Internal and External Gauge SymmetriesYang–Mills Gravity Based on Flat Space-Time and Effective Curved Space-Time for Motions of Classical ObjectsExperimental Tests of Classical Yang–Mills GravityThe S-Matrix in Yang–Mills GravityQuantization of Yang–Mills Gravity and Feynman–Dyson RulesGravitational Self-Energy of the GravitonSpace-Time Gauge Identities and Finite-Loop RenormalizationA Unified Gravity–Electroweak ModelA Unified Gravity–Strong Force ModelOutlookAppendices:The Fock–Hilbert Approach to Local Symmetry and Conservation Laws in General Frames of ReferenceCalculations of Hμν in the Gravitational Field EquationTensor Properties of Physical Quantities in Taiji Space-Time Readership: Graduate students and researchers in quantum gravity. Keywords:Yang–Mills Gravity;Translational Gauge Symmetry;Space-Time Symmetry;Unified ModelKey Features:Quantum Yang–Mills gravity differs from all previous formulations of gravity in its simplicity of the Lagrangian and in its physical coherenceThe book contains a unique treatment of the ‘taiji symmetry’ frameworkThe book discusses a total unified model for all known interactions based on a generalized Yang–Mills framework

Author: Lars Brink
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811263701
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341

View

Book Description
Professor Kok Khoo Phua is the Founding Director and Emeritus Professor of the Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Adjunct Professor of Department of Physics both at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and National University of Singapore (NUS). He is the Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd.When he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2009, the citation read: 'For tireless efforts to strengthen scientific research throughout Asia and promote international physics education and scholarly exchanges, and for enriching science and education through the World Scientific Publishing Company he founded.'This unique volume on the occasion of his 80th birthday is a compilation of tributes from his friends who have known him for decades along with scientific articles that celebrate his visionary approach to promote science worldwide.

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789812810984
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 620

View

Book Description
This collection of papers provides a broad view of the development of Lorentz and Poincar(r) invariance and spacetime symmetry throughout the past 100 years. The issues explored in these papers include: (1) formulations of relativity theories in which the speed of light is not a universal constant but which are consistent with the four-dimensional symmetry of the Lorentz and Poincar(r) groups and with experimental results, (2) analyses and discussions by Reichenbach concerning the concepts of simultaneity and physical time from a philosophical point of view, and (3) results achieved by the union of the relativity and quantum theories, marking the beginnings of quantum electrodynamics and relativistic quantum mechanics. Ten of the fundamental experiments testing special relativity are also discussed, showing that they actually support a four-dimensional spacetime based on broad Lorentz and Poincar(r) invariance which is more general than and includes the special theory of relativity. The generalization of the concepts of simultaneity, physical time and the nature of the speed of light within a four-dimensional spacetime framework leads to the conclusion that the symmetries embodied by the special theory of relativity can be realized using only a single postulate OCo the principle of relativity for physical laws. Contents: Theoretical Implications of Lorentz and Poincar(r) Invariance: The Dawn of Lorentz and Poincar(r) Invariance (1887OCo1905): Inquiries Regarding the Constancy of the Speed of Light (1908-1910); The Splendid Union of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics (1927OCo1949); The Isotropy of the Speed of Light c: A Convenient Assumption (1963OCo1995); The Logically Simplest Theory of Relativity and Its 4-Dimensional Symmetry (1990OCo1994); Experiments for Lorentz and Poincar(r) Invariance: The Fizeau Experiment; The WilsonOCoWilson Experiment; The Observation of the Muon Lifetime Dilation; The MassOCoVelocity Relation Experiment; The Thomas Precession Experiment; and other papers. Readership: Upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and academics in mathematical physics and theoretical physics."

Author: R Shrock
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814485438
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

View

Book Description
This important book presents the proceedings of the conference “Neutrinos and Implications for Physics Beyond the Standard Model”, put on by the Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook. The observation of neutrino masses and lepton mixing constitutes the first confirmed evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. This evidence includes the measured deficiency of charged current reactions induced by solar neutrinos and the anomalous zenith angle distribution of atmospheric neutrinos. A profound question now facing theorists is: What do these observations imply for new physics? At the conference, members of the major experiments gave an update on current experimental evidence from solar and atmospheric neutrino data for neutrino oscillations, and status reports from KamLAND and MiniBooNE. Leading theorists also reported on neutrinoless double beta decay, high energy neutrino scattering and precision electroweak data, theoretical models for neutrino masses and lepton mixing, and constraints from neutrino data, etc. Since neutrino physics is at present one of the most exciting areas of particle physics, this volume should be of interest to a wide variety of students and researchers in physics. Contents:Introduction to the Conference (R Shrock, Stony Brook)Necessary Subtlety and Unnecessary Subtlety (C N Yang, Stony Brook/Beijing/CUHK)Neutrinos, Past and Present (M Goldhaber, BNL)Solar Models: An Historical Overview (J N Bahcall, IAS, Princeton)Solar Neutrino Results from Super-Kamiokande (Y Takeuchi, ICRR, Tokyo)Results from the Pure D2O Phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (F A Duncan, Queen's Univ.)Results from Super-Kamiokande on Atmospheric Neutrino and Limits on Matter Instability (C Saji, ICRR, Tokyo)Oscillation Investigations in Soudan 2: Atmospheric νμ → ντ and n → (in Iron (A Mann, M Sanchez & T Kafka, Tufts Univ.)sin2 θW from Neutrino Scattering at NuTeV (K S McFarland, Univ. of Rochester)MINOS: The Physics Program and Construction Status (K Lang, Univ. of Texas)Status of the OPERA Experiment on the CNGS Neutrino Beam (P Migliozzi, INFN Napoli)Status of Borexino (A Ianni, Gran Sasso National Lab)Implications from Current Data for Neutrino Masses and Mixing, and Some Sensitivities of Future Experiments (K Whisnant, Iowa State University)Neutrino Masses, Oscillations, and Tests with Future Superbeams and a Neutrino Factory (M Lindner, Tech. Univ. Munich)Neutrino Masses with Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (T Appelquist, Yale Univ.)SO(10) GUT Models and Their Present Success in Explaining Mass and Mixing Data (C H Albright, Northern Illinois Univ./FNAL)Symmetries of Neutrino Mixing (P F Harrison, Queen Mary Univ. of London & W G Scott, Rutherford Appleton Lab)Overview of SUSY GUT Models of Neutrino Mixing (S M Barr, Bartol Research Insititute)Local Symmetries Beyond the Standard Model Indicated by Neutrino Results (R N Mohapatra, Univ. of Maryland)Some Implications of Models with Large Extra Dimensions (S Nussinov, Tel Aviv Univ.)Alternatives to the Seesaw: Extra Z's and Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions (P Langacker, Univ. of Pennsylvania)Prospects for Conventional Long-Baseline Oscillation Experiments and Comparison with a Neutrino Factory (D A Harris, FNAL)Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments for Precise Measurements of Oscillation Parameters and Search for CP Violation (M V Diwan, BNL)Hyper-Kamiokande — A Next Generation Water Cherenkov Detector (K Nakamura, KEK)Physics with Cosmic Neutrinos, PeV to ZeV (T J Weiler, Vanderbilt Univ.)Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos (S I Dutta, SUNY at Stony Brook, M H Reno, Univ. of Iowa, I Sarcevic, Univ. of Arizona)Experiments for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (S R Elliot, LANL)To Be or Not to Be? — First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (H V Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Max Planck Institute)A National Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (T J Bowles, LANL)Probing Grand Unification Through Neutrino Oscillations, Leptogenesis, and Proton Decay (J C Pati, Univ. of Maryland) Readership: Graduate students in theoretical physics. Keywords:Neutrinos;Electroweak Symmetry;Oscillations

Author: Joseph Kouneiher
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
ISBN: 9780735410435
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
Modern physics is perhaps at the beginning of a new era. The combination of experiments and observations with a renewal of the basic principles of physics (concerning, e.g., gravitation, quantum physics and their overlapping), provide a very active field of research, with the hope of answering some of the most complex and profound questions. Among the several questions to which science has to find an answer, one of the most important concerns the energetic content of the Universe. The exact knowledge of what the Universe is made of, and in which amounts, would allow not only to determine its age, its past and future evolution, but also to address from a scientific point of view the question about its finiteness or its final end. The equivalence between the energetic content and the space-time properties of the Universe lead cosmologists to make some of the most mysterious discoveries in the history of modern science: the existence of dark matter and dark energy. This book gives a broad synthesis and guideline for those issues and questions. It will be of great interest for experimental and theoretical physicists as well for students in master of physics.