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Author: Michael J. D. Vermeer Publisher: ISBN: 9781977404619 Category : Computer security Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The world is waiting for the first quantum computers, which are expected to revolutionize computing. Their unprecedented power may also enable them to crack the digital encryption system upon which the modern information and communication infrastructure depends. By breaking that encryption, quantum computing could jeopardize secure communications, financial transactions, and the support system for the global economy. The authors of this report explore those risks by assessing, first, how quickly quantum computers are likely to be developed; second, how quickly encryption that can withstand attacks by quantum computers, or postquantum cryptography (PQC), is likely to be standardized; and third, how quickly and widely PQC will be adopted. The analysis concludes that the threat to the security of the modern communications infrastructure is urgent but manageable, and the authors offer recommendations to the U.S. government for responding. There is already a race among nations and corporations attempting to develop quantum computers (primarily in the United States, China, and the European Union), and many expected commercial applications are unrelated to cryptography. Quantum computers capable of undermining current cryptography are likely at least a decade off, but they are already introducing risks, and these risks will grow over time. To assess these timelines and associated risk, the authors undertook a mixed-methods approach consisting of a literature review, a review of expert opinion, and a broad consumer survey to assess the likely events, risks, and uncertainties and recommend appropriate policies and risk-mitigation actions.
Author: Michael J. D. Vermeer Publisher: ISBN: 9781977404619 Category : Computer security Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The world is waiting for the first quantum computers, which are expected to revolutionize computing. Their unprecedented power may also enable them to crack the digital encryption system upon which the modern information and communication infrastructure depends. By breaking that encryption, quantum computing could jeopardize secure communications, financial transactions, and the support system for the global economy. The authors of this report explore those risks by assessing, first, how quickly quantum computers are likely to be developed; second, how quickly encryption that can withstand attacks by quantum computers, or postquantum cryptography (PQC), is likely to be standardized; and third, how quickly and widely PQC will be adopted. The analysis concludes that the threat to the security of the modern communications infrastructure is urgent but manageable, and the authors offer recommendations to the U.S. government for responding. There is already a race among nations and corporations attempting to develop quantum computers (primarily in the United States, China, and the European Union), and many expected commercial applications are unrelated to cryptography. Quantum computers capable of undermining current cryptography are likely at least a decade off, but they are already introducing risks, and these risks will grow over time. To assess these timelines and associated risk, the authors undertook a mixed-methods approach consisting of a literature review, a review of expert opinion, and a broad consumer survey to assess the likely events, risks, and uncertainties and recommend appropriate policies and risk-mitigation actions.
Author: R. Steinwandt Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 164368499X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
The accelerating pace at which quantum computing is developing makes it almost inevitable that some of the major cryptographic algorithms and protocols we rely on daily, for everything from internet shopping to running our critical infrastructure, may be compromised in the coming years. This book presents 11 papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography, hosted in Malta in November 2021. The workshop set out to understand and reconcile two seemingly divergent points of view on post-quantum cryptography and secure communication: would it be better to deploy post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms or quantum key distribution (QKD)? The workshop brought these two communities together to work towards a future in which the two technologies are seen as complementary solutions to secure communication systems at both a hardware (QKD) and software (PQC) level, rather than being in competition with each other. Subjects include the education of an adequate workforce and the challenges of adjusting university curricula for the quantum age; whether PQC and QKD are both required to enable a quantum-safe future and the case for hybrid approaches; and technical aspects of implementing quantum-secure communication systems. The efforts of two NATO nations to address the possible emergence of cryptanalytically-relevant quantum computers are explored, as are two cryptographic applications which go beyond the basic goal of securing two-party communication in a post-quantum world. The book includes economic and broader societal perspectives as well as the strictly technical, and adds a helpful, new contribution to this conversation.
Author: Daniel J. Bernstein Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540887024 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Quantum computers will break today's most popular public-key cryptographic systems, including RSA, DSA, and ECDSA. This book introduces the reader to the next generation of cryptographic algorithms, the systems that resist quantum-computer attacks: in particular, post-quantum public-key encryption systems and post-quantum public-key signature systems. Leading experts have joined forces for the first time to explain the state of the art in quantum computing, hash-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, lattice-based cryptography, and multivariate cryptography. Mathematical foundations and implementation issues are included. This book is an essential resource for students and researchers who want to contribute to the field of post-quantum cryptography.
Author: Alexander V. Sergienko Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849336843 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
All current methods of secure communication such as public-key cryptography can eventually be broken by faster computing. At the interface of physics and computer science lies a powerful solution for secure communications: quantum cryptography. Because eavesdropping changes the physical nature of the information, users in a quantum exchange can easily detect eavesdroppers. This allows for totally secure random key distribution, a central requirement for use of the one-time pad. Since the one-time pad is theoretically proven to be undecipherable, quantum cryptography is the key to perfect secrecy. Quantum Communications and Cryptography is the first comprehensive review of the past, present, and potential developments in this dynamic field. Leading expert contributors from around the world discuss the scientific foundations, experimental and theoretical developments, and cutting-edge technical and engineering advances in quantum communications and cryptography. The book describes the engineering principles and practical implementations in a real-world metropolitan network as well as physical principles and experimental results of such technologies as entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. It also offers the first detailed treatment of quantum information processing with continuous variables. Technologies include both free-space and fiber-based communications systems along with the necessary protocols and information processing approaches. Bridging the gap between physics and engineering, Quantum Communications and Cryptography supplies a springboard for further developments and breakthroughs in this rapidly growing area.
Author: Roger A. Grimes Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119618215 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Will your organization be protected the day a quantum computer breaks encryption on the internet? Computer encryption is vital for protecting users, data, and infrastructure in the digital age. Using traditional computing, even common desktop encryption could take decades for specialized ‘crackers’ to break and government and infrastructure-grade encryption would take billions of times longer. In light of these facts, it may seem that today’s computer cryptography is a rock-solid way to safeguard everything from online passwords to the backbone of the entire internet. Unfortunately, many current cryptographic methods will soon be obsolete. In 2016, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) predicted that quantum computers will soon be able to break the most popular forms of public key cryptography. The encryption technologies we rely on every day—HTTPS, TLS, WiFi protection, VPNs, cryptocurrencies, PKI, digital certificates, smartcards, and most two-factor authentication—will be virtually useless. . . unless you prepare. Cryptography Apocalypse is a crucial resource for every IT and InfoSec professional for preparing for the coming quantum-computing revolution. Post-quantum crypto algorithms are already a reality, but implementation will take significant time and computing power. This practical guide helps IT leaders and implementers make the appropriate decisions today to meet the challenges of tomorrow. This important book: Gives a simple quantum mechanics primer Explains how quantum computing will break current cryptography Offers practical advice for preparing for a post-quantum world Presents the latest information on new cryptographic methods Describes the appropriate steps leaders must take to implement existing solutions to guard against quantum-computer security threats Cryptography Apocalypse: Preparing for the Day When Quantum Computing Breaks Today's Crypto is a must-have guide for anyone in the InfoSec world who needs to know if their security is ready for the day crypto break and how to fix it.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309175801 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 720
Book Description
For every opportunity presented by the information age, there is an opening to invade the privacy and threaten the security of the nation, U.S. businesses, and citizens in their private lives. The more information that is transmitted in computer-readable form, the more vulnerable we become to automated spying. It's been estimated that some 10 billion words of computer-readable data can be searched for as little as $1. Rival companies can glean proprietary secrets . . . anti-U.S. terrorists can research targets . . . network hackers can do anything from charging purchases on someone else's credit card to accessing military installations. With patience and persistence, numerous pieces of data can be assembled into a revealing mosaic. Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society addresses the urgent need for a strong national policy on cryptography that promotes and encourages the widespread use of this powerful tool for protecting of the information interests of individuals, businesses, and the nation as a whole, while respecting legitimate national needs of law enforcement and intelligence for national security and foreign policy purposes. This book presents a comprehensive examination of cryptographyâ€"the representation of messages in codeâ€"and its transformation from a national security tool to a key component of the global information superhighway. The committee enlarges the scope of policy options and offers specific conclusions and recommendations for decision makers. Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society explores how all of us are affected by information security issues: private companies and businesses; law enforcement and other agencies; people in their private lives. This volume takes a realistic look at what cryptography can and cannot do and how its development has been shaped by the forces of supply and demand. How can a business ensure that employees use encryption to protect proprietary data but not to conceal illegal actions? Is encryption of voice traffic a serious threat to legitimate law enforcement wiretaps? What is the systemic threat to the nation's information infrastructure? These and other thought-provoking questions are explored. Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society provides a detailed review of the Escrowed Encryption Standard (known informally as the Clipper chip proposal), a federal cryptography standard for telephony promulgated in 1994 that raised nationwide controversy over its "Big Brother" implications. The committee examines the strategy of export control over cryptography: although this tool has been used for years in support of national security, it is increasingly criticized by the vendors who are subject to federal export regulation. The book also examines other less well known but nevertheless critical issues in national cryptography policy such as digital telephony and the interplay between international and national issues. The themes of Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society are illustrated throughout with many examplesâ€"some alarming and all instructiveâ€"from the worlds of government and business as well as the international network of hackers. This book will be of critical importance to everyone concerned about electronic security: policymakers, regulators, attorneys, security officials, law enforcement agents, business leaders, information managers, program developers, privacy advocates, and Internet users.
Author: Jaydip Sen Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535111760 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In an age of explosive worldwide growth of electronic data storage and communications, effective protection of information has become a critical requirement. When used in coordination with other tools for ensuring information security, cryptography in all of its applications, including data confidentiality, data integrity, and user authentication, is a most powerful tool for protecting information. This book presents a collection of research work in the field of cryptography. It discusses some of the critical challenges that are being faced by the current computing world and also describes some mechanisms to defend against these challenges. It is a valuable source of knowledge for researchers, engineers, graduate and doctoral students working in the field of cryptography. It will also be useful for faculty members of graduate schools and universities.
Author: Chaubey, Nirbhay Kumar Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799822559 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
The shortcomings of modern cryptography and its weaknesses against computers that are becoming more powerful necessitate serious consideration of more robust security options. Quantum cryptography is sound, and its practical implementations are becoming more mature. Many applications can use quantum cryptography as a backbone, including key distribution, secure direct communications, large prime factorization, e-commerce, e-governance, quantum internet, and more. For this reason, quantum cryptography is gaining interest and importance among computer and security professionals. Quantum Cryptography and the Future of Cyber Security is an essential scholarly resource that provides the latest research and advancements in cryptography and cyber security through quantum applications. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as e-commerce, machine learning, and privacy, this book is ideal for security analysts, systems engineers, software security engineers, data scientists, vulnerability analysts, professionals, academicians, researchers, security professionals, policymakers, and students.
Author: Michael J. D. Vermeer
Author: Michael J. D. Vermeer
Author: R. Steinwandt
Author: Daniel J. Bernstein
Author: Alexander V. Sergienko
Author: Roger A. Grimes
Author: Hamid Jahankhani
Author: Chris Jay Hoofnagle
Author: National Research Council
Author: Jaydip Sen
Author: Chaubey, Nirbhay Kumar